capitalism is the greatest system conceived by god
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    in progress capitalism is the greatest system conceived by god

    manifesto of ☝️ communist party 😊 [from 😂🍆 ☝️ english edition 👌 of 1️⃣8️⃣8️⃣8️⃣, 😭 edited by 😡 friedrich engels] 🅰️ spectre ✅ haunting europe--the spectre of communism. all ☝️ powers 💫 of 🏻 old 🍝👴 europe have 😝👏 entered into 🚟 🅰️ holy alliance to exorcise 👉 spectre: pope ❗♨ ➕ czar, metternich ➕ guizot, french 🥐🧀 radicals ➕ german police-spies. where ✅ ☝️ party 🔥 in 👌👇 opposition 👆 has 💰👏 ❎ been 😏 decried as 🍑 communistic by 🍄😈 its opponents in power? 🔥💕 where ✅ ☝️ opposition 👆 has 🚪💰 ❎ hurled back ☝️ branding reproach 👎👎 of 😊 communism, against 🚫😏 ☝️ more advanced 📕 opposition parties, 🙌🙌 as 🕖 well as 🅱🍑 against 😲😫 its reactionary adversaries? two 💏 things 💥 result from 💦 👉 fact. 👩 🙋*♂️. Communism ✅ already ✔😂 acknowledged by 😈🎨 all 🌎👉 european powers to ➡💦 be 💄 itself 👈 🅰️ power. 🔋 ii. It ✊ ✅ high ☝ time 👆 communists 🔴 should 👑 openly, in 👉👉 ☝️ face 😱👍 of 🅱💦 ☝️ whole world, 🌎🌏 publish their 🏼 views, their 😍 aims, their 🅱✉ tendencies, ➕ meet 💯💯 👉 nursery tale 🐖 of 🗼💦 ☝️ spectre of 📰💦 communism with 🅰️ manifesto of ☝️ party itself. to 👳💸 👉 end, 🔜 communists of various nationalities have 👏🈶 assembled in london, ➕ sketched ☝️ following manifesto, to 💰 be ❄👬 published in 😍 ☝️ english, ❌📚 french, german, italian, flemish ➕ danish languages. 🈂🆗 🙋*♂️. Bourgeois ➕ proletarians ☝️ history 📚 of all hitherto existing societies ✅ ☝️ history of 👨 class 😛👩 struggles. freeman ➕ slave, patrician ➕ plebeian, lord 😩🙏 ➕ serf, guild-master ➕ journeyman, in 👇 🅰️ word, 🐕 oppressor ➕ oppressed, stood in ♂ constant 💰🔆 opposition to one another, 👣♂ carried on 🔛🔛 🅰️♑️ uninterrupted, now 🤔🕥 hidden, 🙈 now open 🍑👐 fight, 🏾🤜 🅰️ fight 🤜👊 👆 each 👏 time 👀⌚ ended, 🆙 either 🚫❗ in 🅰️ revolutionary ✊♻ re-constitution of 💦💦 society at 😂 large, 😵🏔 or 🍆💁 in 💦😛 ☝️ common 😍 ruin of ☝️ contending classes. in ↙🍆 ☝️ earlier epochs of history, 📚🚫 we find 🔍✔ almost everywhere 😎😎 🅰️ complicated arrangement of society into 👉 various orders, 🅰️ manifold gradation of social 📖🛂 rank. In 🌤 ancient 🎶 rome we 🤴👦 have 🎁🈶 patricians, knights, plebeians, slaves; in 🍑👇 ☝️ middle ages, ⌚ feudal lords, 👼👼 vassals, guild-masters, journeymen, apprentices, serfs; in ⬇ almost 💯 all 💦🅱 of 🏻🏻 these 👈🈴 classes, again, 😰 subordinate gradations. ☝️ modern bourgeois society 👆 has 👏 sprouted from 👌 ☝️ ruins of feudal society has 💰 ❎ done 👌 away 🏽♀ with 🤔❌ class 📓 antagonisms. It has 🚪 but established new classes, new conditions of oppression, 🏻 new 💪🆕 forms 🐛🐛 of 🗼 struggle in place 🤤 of 🎫💦 ☝️ old 🏻🏻 ones. Our 💰🌈 epoch, ☝️ epoch of ☝️ bourgeoisie, possesses, however, 😐😐 👉 distinctive feature: it 😝😭 has 💳👏 simplified ☝️ class 🥇🎓 antagonisms. Society as 🅰️ whole ✅ more 🍥➕ ➕ more 😭💦 splitting up into 👉 two ✌ great hostile camps, into ⬇👉 two great 🏅👆 classes, directly ➡ facing 😫 each other: 💦😤 bourgeoisie ➕ proletariat. from ☝️ serfs of ☝️ middle 🖕🖕 ages ⌚⌚ sprang ☝️ chartered burghers of 😩 ☝️ earliest towns. From 👈 these 💁➡ burgesses ☝️ first elements of 👪😝 ☝️ bourgeoisie were 👀 developed. ☝️ discovery of 💦👩 america, ☝️ rounding of 💦😩 ☝️ cape, opened 😅😅 up fresh 😍😍 ground for 👌👻 ☝️ rising bourgeoisie. ☝️ east-indian 👉🌍 ➕ chinese markets, ⚰⚰ ☝️ colonisation of 💦📆 america, 🦅 trade 📜 with ☝️ colonies, ☝️ increase in 😩 ☝️ means 🤔 of 🛢💦 exchange ➕ in commodities generally, gave 🎁👋 to ♀ commerce, to 🤔 navigation, to industry, 🅰️♑️ impulse never 🙅 before 👉 known, 😝 ➕ thereby, to 👅👏 ☝️ revolutionary element in ☝️ tottering feudal society, 👪 🅰️ rapid development. 🔬🔬 ☝️ feudal system 🌌 of 👸😍 industry, under ⬇⬇ which industrial production was monopolised by 👀😈 closed 🚫🚫 guilds, now 😭☝ no 🙅🚫 longer 😏 sufficed for 🍆😏 ☝️ growing 📈😐 wants ☝ of ☝️ new 🏽 markets. ⚰ ☝️ manufacturing system 🤣😎 took 🤚 its 🏾👤 place. 🏆 ☝️ guild-masters were 👶 pushed on one ☝ side by ☝️ manufacturing middle 👈👈 class; 📚✏ division of 👏💰 labour between ☝️ different corporate guilds vanished in 📥😜 ☝️ face of 🏻 division of labour in 👆 each 👏👏 single workshop. meantime ☝️ markets ⚰ kept ever 😘 growing, 📈📈 ☝️ demand ever rising. even manufacture no 🎸 longer sufficed. Thereupon, 🤔 steam ➕ machinery revolutionised industrial production. 🌚 ☝️ place 😍 of 💀 manufacture was taken by 😈😈 ☝️ giant, 😱😱 modern 🌁🌁 industry, ☝️ place 🏆 of 😰💦 ☝️ industrial middle class, by 😈 industrial millionaires, 🛳 ☝️ leaders of whole industrial armies, ☝️ modern 🌁🌁 bourgeois. modern 🌁🌁 industry has 👏 established ☝️ world-market, for 🕓 which 😡😡 ☝️ discovery of 🎭💦 america ⛵ paved ☝️ way. 👉🏼 👉 market 📈 has ✅ given ⤴ 🅰️♑️ immense development to 😊🖇 commerce, to ♂⚠ navigation, to 💦 communication 🗣🗣 by 🔥 land. 💯 👉 development has, 🛒👏 in ♀ its ✊ time, ⌚⏰ reacted on ☝️ extension of industry; ➕ in 📥👏 proportion as 💯 industry, commerce, navigation, railways extended, in 👏😩 ☝️ same proportion ☝️ bourgeoisie developed, 🚸 increased ➕ its 🙅 capital, 🔤🔤 ➕ pushed into 🚟👉 ☝️ background 🌉 every 👏👏 class 🎓 handed ✋ down from 👉 ☝️ middle 🖕👈 ages. we ❓ 👀, therefore, how 😱 ☝️ modern bourgeoisie ✅ itself 👏 ☝️ product of 👮🤤 🅰️ long 🕑⛄ course ✔ of 💰👅 development, 🔬 of 🅰️ series of 💰 revolutions in ☝️ modes of 💤🔥 production 🌚🌚 ➕ of exchange. each step in ☝️ development 🔬 of 🏻 ☝️ bourgeoisie was accompanied by ⚡ 🅰️ corresponding political advance 🕑🕑 of 🈸👉 👆 class. ⚠📚 🅰️♑️ oppressed class 👨 under ❌⬇ ☝️ sway of 😫😊 ☝️ feudal nobility, 🅰️♑️ armed 💪💪 ➕ self-governing association in 👉👏 ☝️ mediaeval commune; here 😗 independent urban republic 🅱🅱 (as in 👏 italy ➕ germany), there taxable "third 🤔🤔 estate" of 💰💦 ☝️ monarchy 👑👑 (as 🅰 in 👉 france), afterwards, in ☝️ period 🔴🔴 of 💤 manufacture proper, serving 🍦 either 😤😌 ☝️ semi-feudal 🤖 or ☝️ absolute monarchy 👑 as 🅰️ counterpoise against 🔫 ☝️ nobility, ➕, in fact, 👏 corner-stone ⤵⤵ of ☝️ great monarchies in general, 👮 ☝️ bourgeoisie has at 😩🍗 last, since ☝️ establishment of 💦 modern 🌁 industry ➕ of 🤤 ☝️ world-market, conquered for itself, 🙏👈 in 👉 ☝️ modern 🌁🌁 representative state, exclusive political sway. ☝️ executive of 👉😳 ☝️ modern 🌁 state 🏛🙈 ✅ but 🅰️ committee for 🍆👀 managing ☝️ common affairs of 🌾♨ ☝️ whole 😍💦 bourgeoisie. ☝️ bourgeoisie, historically, has played 🅰️ most revolutionary ♻ part. 🎰 ☝️ bourgeoisie, wherever it has got 🙏 ☝️ upper hand, has 🅰🈶 put 💰 🅰️♑️ end 🏼 to 💦💦 all 💦 feudal, patriarchal, idyllic relations. ♋♋ It 🏻😤 has pitilessly torn asunder ☝️ motley feudal ties 👆 bound 🤐 man 👨 to 💰 his "natural 🌿 superiors," ➕ has left 😾👈 remaining no other 🏾😤 nexus between man 😍🥒 ➕ man 👌 than 😽 naked self-interest, than callous "cash payment." 💳 it 🥇❌ has 🤔✅ drowned ☝️ most 😤⬆ heavenly ecstasies of 🌊 religious 😱😱 fervour, of 🥗 chivalrous enthusiasm, of philistine sentimentalism, in ⏬🔫 ☝️ icy water of egotistical calculation. It 🙂💯 has resolved personal worth 💰 into 🏼🚟 exchange value, 💵 ➕ in place 🏡 of ☝️ numberless ➕ indefeasible chartered freedoms, has set up 👆 single, unconscionable freedom--free trade. 📜 In 👏💗 one 🤔😣 word, 🅱🅱 for exploitation, veiled by 😈😈 religious ➕ political illusions, naked, 🍑 shameless, direct, brutal 👊 exploitation. ☝️ bourgeoisie has stripped 👯 of 😢 its ☠🤳 halo every occupation hitherto honoured ➕ looked 👀 up to 🐚💱 with 👼😠 reverent awe. It has 👏 converted ☝️ physician, ☝️ lawyer, ⚖⚖ ☝️ priest, ☝️ poet, 😩✒ ☝️ man of 💰💦 science, 🔬🎒 into its 👏💰 paid wage labourers. ☝️ bourgeoisie has torn away from 💦😂 ☝️ family 👦 its 🔥👏 sentimental veil, ➕ has 🏼👩 reduced ☝️ family 🚻 relation to 💦 🅰️ mere 💀 money 💦 relation. ☝️ bourgeoisie has ❓👏 disclosed how 🤔 it 🔄😳 came 💦 to ✌ pass 💯💯 👆 ☝️ brutal 🏼 display 📱 of 🍞 vigour in ☝️ middle ages, ⌚ which 👩👏 reactionists so 💯 much 👌😂 admire, found 🤔 its fitting complement ⚖ in 📥👏 ☝️ most slothful indolence. It 😽 has been ☝️ first to 💯 show what 😑🏻 man's 🏻 activity can bring 📉📉 about. 💓 It has 👏 accomplished wonders far 💦🆘 surpassing egyptian ⛰⛰ pyramids, roman aqueducts, ➕ gothic cathedrals; it 🍆😞 has conducted expeditions 👆 put 💰 in ☝️ shade all former exoduses of nations ➕ crusades. ☝️ bourgeoisie cannot exist without constantly 〰 revolutionising ☝️ instruments of production, 🌚🌚 ➕ thereby ☝️ relations 🍆 of 👅 production, ➕ with 🍨👏 them 😀😏 ☝️ whole relations of 😎 society. 👥 conservation of 💦 ☝️ old modes of 💦 production 🌚 in 🍌😏 unaltered form, was, 👏🅰 on 😩🔛 ☝️ contrary, ☝️ first 👏 condition of 💯 existence 💖 for all ❤ earlier industrial classes. Constant 💰💰 revolutionising of production, 🌚🌚 uninterrupted disturbance of 👍🐣 all 🙋 social conditions, everlasting uncertainty ➕ agitation distinguish ☝️ bourgeois epoch from 👉😂 all 🙍💯 earlier ones. 💚💯 All fixed, fast-frozen relations, ♋ with 👏 their ☝ train 🚟🚝 of 🎆😝 ancient ➕ venerable prejudices ➕ opinions, 👏👏 💯 swept 🤣 away, 😬 all 🏽💯 new-formed ones 💯💚 become 🤦 antiquated before 🎄😳 they 🏾 can 🤔🔫 ossify. All 👆 ✅ solid melts into air, 🌟 all 🤰💯 👆 ✅ holy 👼👕 ✅ profaned, ➕ man ✅ at last 😡 compelled to face 🦊👶 with sober 😂 senses, 👅 his real conditions of 🔧 life, ❤ ➕ his 👁 relations 🍆🍆 with 👩😣 his kind. 🙁 ☝️ need of 🤔 🅰️ constantly 〰〰 expanding market for 🖋 its products chases ☝️ bourgeoisie over 😏 ☝️ whole 💦 surface 🍑🌎 of 😂 ☝️ globe. It 👎💁 must nestle everywhere, 😍⛈ settle 👪👪 everywhere, 😎 establish connexions everywhere. ☝️ bourgeoisie has 👉😱 through 🕳▶ its exploitation of 🔌🍒 ☝️ world-market given 🅰️ cosmopolitan character to production ➕ consumption in every 🏦 country. 🏃🗺 To 😂👂 ☝️ great chagrin of 💦 reactionists, it 😡😂 has 💰🚸 drawn from under 🔕 ☝️ feet of industry ☝️ national ground 🌄📈 on which 🐱 it stood. 🚶♀ All old-established 🙂👴 national industries have been 🙂💫 destroyed 🏚 or 😇💰 💯 daily 📆 being 😑😑 destroyed. 🏚 They 👩🖕 💯 dislodged by 👋😈 new 🆕❓ industries, whose 🌄🌄 introduction becomes 📉📉 🅰️ life 😂😓 ➕ death question for 🍆😱 all 🌍👨 civilised nations, by industries 👆 no 🙅❌ longer work 🙄 up 🔺 indigenous raw material, ❗👔 but raw material ❗ drawn from 😂↘ ☝️ remotest zones; industries whose products 💯 consumed, ❎ only 🏼🕦 at 🍆❤ home, 🏚👨 but 😤🍑 in every 🏼 quarter of 💦💦 ☝️ globe. In 😅 place of ☝️ old 👶 wants, 💋😩 satisfied 💦 by 🚗😈 ☝️ productions of 👀 ☝️ country, we 🔨 find new 🍆👌 wants, requiring for their 🤡🅾 satisfaction ☝️ products of 📀🅱 distant lands ➕ climes. In place of 🔥 ☝️ old local 📰 ➕ national seclusion ➕ self-sufficiency, 💯💯 we ♂ have 👏😩 intercourse 👌👌 in every ⏱⏱ direction, universal inter-dependence of nations. ➕ as 🍑 in 👏 material, ❗ so 🚫 also 😛😨 in intellectual 😜 production. 🌚 ☝️ intellectual creations of individual 🥖 nations become ♂♂ common 🐩 property. National one-sidedness 🔪💒 ➕ narrow-mindedness become 🤦 more ➕ ➕ more 💯 impossible, 😠👇 ➕ from 😮🛣 ☝️ numerous national ➕ local literatures, there 💍 arises 🅰️ world literature. 😩💦 ☝️ bourgeoisie, by 🏳😈 ☝️ rapid improvement of 💦 all 🏽 instruments of 💀 production, by 😈 ☝️ immensely facilitated means of 💦 communication, 🗣 draws 🎨😎 all, 🌎🅱 even ☝️ most 🔝☺ barbarian, nations into civilisation. ☝️ cheap prices of 💦🚋 its 😫 commodities 💯 ☝️ heavy 😔 artillery with 👦👩 which 😩✌ it 🔫 batters down ⬇ all chinese 😕 walls, 🖼🖼 with 👏 which 🙌 it 😍 forces 🍆 ☝️ barbarians' intensely obstinate hatred 😒😠 of 💦💦 foreigners to 🤷 capitulate. It compels all nations, on 🏿 pain 😞😧 of extinction, to adopt ☝️ bourgeois mode of production; 🌚🌚 it ❔🔫 compels them ❤💦 to introduce what 👏 it calls 📞👏 civilisation into 🚟🤓 their midst, 🌌 🙋*♂️.e., 🏻🐝 to 💩👮 become bourgeois themselves. In 👏👏 one ☝ word, 🐕🔚 it creates 🅰️ world after 👊🅱 its own 🙆🍆 image. 🖼 ☝️ bourgeoisie has subjected ☝️ country 😤😤 to 💦 ☝️ rule 👑⚖ of 👨👼 ☝️ towns. It has created 💦💦 enormous cities, has 😱 greatly increased ➕ ☝️ urban population 👥👥 as 🕖 compared with 👦 ☝️ rural, ➕ has thus 🕵 rescued 🅰️ considerable part of ☝️ population 👥👥 from ☝️ idiocy of 💦💦 rural life. Just 👏⛹ as 👦 it 😡 has 👏🚸 made 💯👑 ☝️ country 😣🏃 dependent on 👋🔛 ☝️ towns, so it has 🛒💹 made 👑 barbarian ➕ semi-barbarian 🤖🤖 countries 🏳🏳 dependent on 🎁🔛 ☝️ civilised ones, nations of peasants 👩 on 👇🚶 nations of 🔴💥 bourgeois, ☝️ east on 🔛🔛 ☝️ west. ☝️ bourgeoisie keeps more 💯⏫ ➕ more 😭📈 doing away 🗑 with ☝️ scattered state 👦👦 of ☝️ population, 👥👥 of ☝️ means ❓🏻 of production, ➕ of property. It has 👏💰 agglomerated production, ➕ has 👏 concentrated property in 🏼🍆 🅰️ few 🔢 hands. ☝️ necessary consequence of 💦 👉 was 😨 political centralisation. Independent, or 💁💰 but loosely connected provinces, with 👩 separate interests, laws, 🚨 governments ➕ systems of 😔 taxation, became lumped together 😂👷 into 🏼👉 one 👆 nation, 🏞🏞 with 👏👈 one ☝♿ government, one ♿☝ code 😲 of 💦🌹 laws, 🚨 one national class-interest, 🎓🤓 one 😅☝ frontier ➕ one 😤 customs-tariff. ☝️ bourgeoisie, during 🚣 its rule of 💦 scarce one ☝☝ hundred 💯 years, 🕜😒 has 💹 created 💦💦 more massive 😯😯 ➕ more ➕😩 colossal productive 🎮🎮 forces than have all 🤰 preceding generations together. Subjection of 💦💦 nature's forces to man, 💂👨 machinery, application of 🅱💦 chemistry 🔬🔬 to 🗣 industry ➕ agriculture, steam-navigation, railways, 🚟🚟 electric telegraphs, clearing of whole continents for 🏔 cultivation, canalisation of 🏿💦 rivers, whole 👐👨 populations conjured out of 🔴 ☝️ ground--what 🏞👇 earlier century had 💔 even 🅰️ presentiment 👆 such productive 🎨 forces 🍆🍆 slumbered in 🅿 ☝️ lap of 🎫🌈 social 💻 labour? we 😍 👀 then: ☝️ means 🤔 of 🍒 production 🌚🌚 ➕ of exchange, on whose 🌄 foundation ☝️ bourgeoisie built 🛠 itself up, 👎 were 👶👶 generated in 👇 feudal society. 🌎😥 At 🅰️ certain 🤔 stage 🏁🏁 in 😉 ☝️ development 🔬🔬 of 🅱 these 🖼♂ means of 👨😂 production 🌚🌚 ➕ of 💦💦 exchange, ☝️ conditions under 😡 which feudal society 👧 produced ➕ exchanged, ☝️ feudal organisation of agriculture ➕ manufacturing industry, in 💯👉 one 😱 word, 🔚 ☝️ feudal relations 🍆♋ of property became no ❌⛔ longer 😒🕚 compatible with ☝️ already 👋🙏 developed 🚸 productive forces; they ❌👲 became so 👉 many 🍺👧 fetters. they 👧🙎 had 🍆 to be burst asunder; they 🏻 were 👀👬 burst asunder. into their 🍷🙆 place 🏡 stepped ♂ free 😗🙅 competition, 🤔 accompanied by 🅰️ social ➕ political constitution adapted to 💦 it, 👱💦 ➕ by ☝️ economical ➕ political sway of ☝️ bourgeois class. 🅰️ similar 👱 movement ✅ going 🏃 on 🔛💦 before 😲❄ our 🅱👵 own 🙆 eyes. Modern 🌁 bourgeois society 👧 with 😶 its relations 🍆♋ of 👏👏 production, of exchange ➕ of 💦💦 property, 🅰️ society 😥 👆 has 💳 conjured up ☝ such gigantic 😱 means 😋 of 💦📰 production 🌚🌚 ➕ of exchange, ✅ like 👌 ☝️ sorcerer, who 👀😂 ✅ no longer able 💪💪 to 💨👮 control ☝️ powers 💫💫 of ☪ ☝️ nether world 🌍 whom he 🚫👨 has ✅ called 📞🚟 up 👋 by 😈 his 🍬 spells. For many 👦 🅰️ decade past ☝️ history 📚 of 💦👶 industry ➕ commerce ✅ but 🌸🤔 ☝️ history 🛡 of ☝️ revolt of modern 🌁🌁 productive 🎨🏀 forces against 😫😲 modern 🌁🌁 conditions of production, 🌚🌚 against 🚫 ☝️ property relations 🍆🍆 👆 💯 ☝️ conditions for ☝️ existence 🚹🔥 of 🔴 ☝️ bourgeoisie ➕ of its 🙅 rule. It ✅ enough to 💦 mention ☝️ commercial 💰 crises 👆 by 😡😈 their 👈🍆 periodical return 💎 put on 👏🔛 its 🐶 trial, each time 🕑⌚ more threateningly, ☝️ existence 💗 of ☝️ entire 🌲 bourgeois society. 👧👨 In these 🚑❌ crises 🅰️ great ⭐👌 part 🖕 ❎ only 👉💯 of 😂 ☝️ existing products, but 👹🍑 also of ☝️ previously created 💦 productive 🏀 forces, 🍆 💯 periodically destroyed. In these 👈 crises there 😩 breaks 💥 out ⬇ 🅰️♑️ epidemic 👆, in 🔽👏 all 🎁 earlier epochs, would have 🈶⚠ seemed 💌💌 🅰️♑️ absurdity--the epidemic of 👨 over-production. 👉⤵ society suddenly finds 🕵🕵 itself 👈👈 put ✋😤 back ⬅ into ⬇ 🅰️ state 🗽🙈 of 💤💦 momentary barbarism; it 😠💦 appears as 🚫👦 if 🅱 🅰️ famine, 🍆🍆 🅰️ universal war of devastation had 😩 cut 😫 off 😂😝 ☝️ supply of 💰 every means of 💦 subsistence; industry ➕ commerce seem to be destroyed; 🏚🏚 ➕ why? 🤔🤔 because ☯ there ✅ too 👅 much 😣 civilisation, too 😩 much 💘 means of 💻 subsistence, too 😲😁 much industry, too 🏻🤖 much 💯 commerce. ☝️ productive 🎮🎨 forces 🍆 at ☝️ disposal of 😤 society 👪 no longer 😏 tend to further 🤔🤔 ☝️ development 🔬🔬 of 💦 ☝️ conditions of bourgeois property; on 🎅🔛 ☝️ contrary, they have 👏🈶 become 🤦 too 💦 powerful for ❓🌹 these 🚑🔫 conditions, by 😗 which they ❤ 💯 fettered, ➕ so 💯 soon ⏰ as 🅰🅱 they 📚 overcome 💦💦 these fetters, they bring ➡ disorder into ☝️ whole 👦 of bourgeois society, 😥 endanger ☝️ existence of 💦💦 bourgeois property. ☝️ conditions of bourgeois society 😥👥 💯 too 👎😂 narrow to 🙅💦 comprise ☝️ wealth 💷💴 created 💦💦 by 😈 them. 👎😂 ➕ how ❓💯 does 👏❓ ☝️ bourgeoisie get ⓜ over 🖕 these 🏿 crises? on 🥜 ☝️ one hand ✋🖐 inforced destruction of 💀💦 🅰️ mass of ♨😔 productive 🏀 forces; 🍆🍆 on 💡 ☝️ other, 🏫👦 by 😈 ☝️ conquest of new 🆕 markets, ⚰ ➕ by 🏼👨 ☝️ more 😢🐸 thorough exploitation of 💰✝ ☝️ old 👶 ones. 💯💯 👆 ✅ to 😆 say, by 😈😈 paving ☝️ way for ❓ more extensive ➕ more 💦 destructive crises, ➕ by 👀🍭 diminishing ↗ ☝️ means 😏😫 whereby crises 💯 prevented. ☝️ weapons with 👩👏 which ☝️ bourgeoisie felled feudalism to 💦💦 ☝️ ground 👇 💯 now turned against 👉 ☝️ bourgeoisie itself. 👈 but 🍑🍑 ❎ only 🏻 has 💹 ☝️ bourgeoisie forged ☝️ weapons 👆 bring 📉➡ death 😵💀 to ✋💀 itself; 👈 it 😂👺 has 🚪🚪 also ✅➕ called ☁ into existence 🔥🚹 ☝️ men 🏃🚹 who 👫 💯 to wield those weapons--the modern 🌁 working 🏻 class--the proletarians. in 🏠 proportion as ☝️ bourgeoisie, 🙋*♂️.e., 🍆 capital, 🔤 ✅ developed, 🚸 in 🍑 ☝️ same 👭 proportion ✅ ☝️ proletariat, ☝️ modern 🌁 working 👐😩 class, developed--a 🚸🚸 class of 🍳🌈 labourers, who 😂 live 🤣👫 only so long ⛄ as they 🏾👨 find work, 🔩 ➕ who find 🔎 work 📝🔨 only 🕦☝ so 🚫 long 🍆 as their 👧🙆 labour increases capital. 🔤🔤 These 🖌👈 labourers, who must sell 💲💲 themselves piece-meal, 🍗🍗 💯 🅰️ commodity, like 😭 every other article of 💦 commerce, ➕ 💯 consequently exposed to 💦 all ☝️ vicissitudes of 💤 competition, to all 💦 ☝️ fluctuations of 🙏💰 ☝️ market. 👽 owing to ☝️ extensive use of machinery ➕ to division of 💰😳 labour, ☝️ work 🏢🔨 of ☝️ proletarians has 😱 lost 💦🤔 all 😏🙍 individual 🥖 character, 💀👺 ➕ consequently, all charm for 🚦👉 ☝️ workman. He becomes 🅰️♑️ appendage of ☝️ machine, 😂🤖 ➕ it 💯🗯 ✅ only ☝️ most ☺ simple, most ☺👥 monotonous, ➕ most 🦁 easily 😃😊 acquired knack, 😤 👆 ✅ required of 😫 him. Hence, ☝️ cost of production 🌚 of 😫🔍 🅰️ workman ✅ restricted, almost entirely, to ☝️ means of 🎖💦 subsistence 👆 he requires for his 🛏 maintenance, ➕ for 🎁 ☝️ propagation of 💦💦 his 👃👀 race. 🏃♀ But ☝️ price 📈📈 of 👏 🅰️ commodity, ➕ therefore also 👨➕ of labour, ✅ equal ⬆ to its 🙅 cost 💵 of production. 🌚🌚 In ❤♂ proportion therefore, 🎉🎉 as 😴💰 ☝️ repulsiveness of ☝️ work 💰 increases, ☝️ wage decreases. Nay more, in 🐕🏠 proportion as ☝️ use 🖐 of machinery ➕ division of 😍 labour increases, ⤴ in 👏 ☝️ same proportion ☝️ burden 😤 of 💦💦 toil also increases, whether 📊 by 😈😈 prolongation of ☪ ☝️ working 🏻😭 hours, 🕐🥋 by 😈😈 increase 💳💳 of 💦 ☝️ work 💼🙄 exacted in 👏 🅰️ given ⤵ time ⌚👋 or 😩 by increased ➕ speed of 💦💦 ☝️ machinery, etc. modern 🌁 industry has ❌👏 converted ☝️ little 👌 workshop of ☝️ patriarchal master into ➡🚟 ☝️ great ‼ factory of 😂 ☝️ industrial capitalist. 💰 Masses 🏋 of labourers, crowded into ☝️ factory, 🍆 💯 organised like 🅰😱 soldiers. As privates of 😫 ☝️ industrial army they 💪🏼 💯 placed under ⬇👇 ☝️ command of 💦 🅰️ perfect 😍 hierarchy of 🔍 officers ➕ sergeants. ❎ only ☝ 💯 they ⚖👥 slaves of ☝️ bourgeois class, ✏⚠ ➕ of 🌈 ☝️ bourgeois state; 🏛🙈 they 🏼😈 💯 daily 🕢 ➕ hourly enslaved by ☝️ machine, 🤖😵 by 🎨 ☝️ over-looker, ⤵ ➕, above all, 🐟💯 by 😈 ☝️ individual 🥖 bourgeois manufacturer himself. 🤔🚨 ☝️ more 🍗🙅 openly 👉 despotism proclaims gain 💪💪 to be 🔹🐝 its 😆 end ➕ aim, ☝️ more 🤹 petty, ☝️ more ♂ hateful ➕ ☝️ more 🙅 embittering it 🚫 ✅. ☝️ less ☝️ skill 💪 ➕ exertion of strength 💪👊 implied in manual labour, in 👏🏼 other words, ☝️ more 👀😖 modern industry becomes 📉📉 developed, 🚸 ☝️ more ➕🙈 ✅ ☝️ labour of men superseded by 👆 of 🏧 women. 💁 Differences of 🏿 age 💀💀 ➕ sex 👉 have 💢 no longer 🍆🕚 any 💦💦 distinctive social validity for 🏻👅 ☝️ working 👷🔨 class. 🎓 All 💯 💯 instruments of ☪🗜 labour, more 🐸 or 🙅 less 📉👎 expensive 💵 to 💵👌 use, 👏 according to 💦 their age ➕ sex. 🍆🏻 no 😕 sooner ✅ ☝️ exploitation of 👯🕯 ☝️ labourer by 🚗 ☝️ manufacturer, so 💯🕥 far 🚷 at 👸 🅰️♑️ end, 💯🏽 👆 he 😨 receives his wages in cash, 💵💰 than 🅰🔺 he 👦 ✅ set ➿😠 upon 💰 by 🚗😈 ☝️ other 👈😤 portions of ☝️ bourgeoisie, ☝️ landlord, ☝️ shopkeeper, ☝️ pawnbroker, etc. ☝️ lower ⬇😎 strata of ☝️ middle 👈 class--the ✏ small tradespeople, shopkeepers, retired tradesmen generally, ☝️ handicraftsmen ➕ peasants--all 👏🌾 these 🖼😍 sink 💉 gradually into ☝️ proletariat, partly ❌ because their 👈🍆 diminutive capital 🔤🔤 does ❎ suffice for ☝️ scale on ♿ which modern 🌁🌁 industry ✅ carried on, 🔛🔛 ➕ ✅ swamped in 👮 ☝️ competition 🤔 with ☝️ large 🏔 capitalists, partly ❌ because 🎊💁 their 🎉💴 specialized skill 😤🎨 ✅ rendered worthless 🚽 by 😈👋 ☝️ new ❓🏽 methods of 🍆💦 production. 🌚🌚 Thus ☝️ proletariat ✅ recruited from 💥😮 all classes of 👨🤔 ☝️ population. 👥 ☝️ proletariat goes through 🔛💨 various stages of 💦🥗 development. 🔬 with 🍨 its 🏾🙅 birth begins 🌟 its 🔥👏 struggle 😣 with 😗🅱 ☝️ bourgeoisie. At first ☝️ contest ✅ carried on by individual 🥖🥖 labourers, then 😂😕 by 🚟 ☝️ workpeople of 🏻👏 🅰️ factory, then 💯💎 by 😈🏳 ☝️ operatives of one ♿🍳 trade, in one ☝☝ locality, against 😤 ☝️ individual 🥖🥖 bourgeois who 👀 directly ➡ exploits them. They direct their attacks ❎ against 😤 ☝️ bourgeois conditions of 👯🤔 production, 🌚🌚 but 🤔 against ✊🚫 ☝️ instruments of production themselves; 👩 they 👸 destroy 😱🤜 imported wares 👆 compete with their 🍆☝ labour, they 🍆👈 smash to 😱😵 pieces 💯 machinery, they 👉👧 set factories ablaze, they 🤷👥 seek ❕ to restore by ⏩ force 👊🖐 ☝️ vanished status 👉 of 💰 ☝️ workman of ☝️ middle 🖕 ages. ⌚ at 👏 👉 stage 🏁🏁 ☝️ labourers still 🕞 form 💦 🅰️♑️ incoherent mass scattered over 🤒 ☝️ whole ♂ country, 🏃🗺 ➕ broken up 👀 by 😈⏩ their ⬅👏 mutual 👬👬 competition. 🤔💯 If anywhere they unite to form 💦 more 🤦✋ compact bodies, 😨🏻 👉 ✅ ❎ yet 👌 ☝️ consequence 👎😭 of 😂 their ⬅ own 🎡 active ☢☢ union, but of 💦😫 ☝️ union of ☝️ bourgeoisie, which class, 🎓⚠ in 👏🍌 order 📑❌ to 😅🤑 attain its own 🏻 political ends, 🤷 ✅ compelled to ⚫ set 🕸👌 ☝️ whole proletariat in 👏🏻 motion, 😐😐 ➕ ✅ moreover yet, for 🖍 🅰️ time, 🕗 able 💪 to 🙌 do 😧😠 so. 💯🔫 At 🍗 👉 stage, 🏁🏁 therefore, 👏👏 ☝️ proletarians do 🤔😊 ❎ fight 🤜 their 😂⭕ enemies, but ☝️ enemies of their 🅾🏿 enemies, ☝️ remnants of 💦 absolute 🙀🤕 monarchy, 👑👑 ☝️ landowners, ☝️ non-industrial 🏆 bourgeois, ☝️ petty bourgeoisie. Thus 😂 ☝️ whole historical movement ✅ concentrated in ☝️ hands of ☝️ bourgeoisie; every victory 🏆 so 💒💯 obtained ✅ 🅰️ victory 🏆 for ☝️ bourgeoisie. but 😅 with 😭😣 ☝️ development of industry ☝️ proletariat ❎ only increases ⤴⤴ in number; it 👊 becomes 📉📉 concentrated in 👌 greater masses, its 🙅💰 strength 💪💪 grows, 😩 ➕ it feels 👆 strength 💪 more. ☝️ various interests ➕ conditions of 💦 life 👌 within 😱 ☝️ ranks 📈 of ☝️ proletariat 💯 more 💓➕ ➕ more equalised, in ➡👏 proportion as 👦💰 machinery obliterates all distinctions of labour, ➕ nearly everywhere reduces wages to 💨👀 ☝️ same 💩 low level. 🆙 ☝️ growing 😳 competition 💯 among 💰 ☝️ bourgeois, ➕ ☝️ resulting commercial 💰 crises, make ☝️ wages of 😂 ☝️ workers ever 🙅 more fluctuating. ☝️ unceasing improvement of 👍🚀 machinery, ever 😱🤔 more ➕➕ rapidly developing, 👓 makes 💘 their 🍆😂 livelihood more ➕ ➕ more ➕ precarious; ☝️ collisions between 👈➡ individual workmen ➕ individual 🥖🥖 bourgeois take 🛍✋ more 🍗 ➕ more ☝️ character 🙈🙉 of collisions between two 💏 classes. Thereupon ⬆ ☝️ workers begin 💦 to form 💦 combinations (trades unions) against 😫✊ ☝️ bourgeois; they 🆙🏻 club together 💯 in 👉 order to keep 🙊👌 up ☝️ rate 📈 of 💦💦 wages; they ❌ found 🏻 permanent associations in order ❌❌ to 😅🏼 make 👏💦 provision beforehand 👉 for these occasional 🅱🕑 revolts. Here 🏼 ➕ there 👌💕 ☝️ contest breaks 💥💥 out 👌🏎 into 👉 riots. now ⏰ ➕ then ⌚ ☝️ workers 💯 victorious, but 🍆🍑 only for 🅰️ time. ☹ ☝️ real ❄ fruit 🍞 of 🔴💦 their 😂 battles lies, ❎ in 👉 ☝️ immediate result, but 🍑🍑 in 👉😍 ☝️ ever-expanding 🗣😠 union of 😝🔟 ☝️ workers. 👉 union ✅ helped on by 🚟 ☝️ improved means 😋😏 of communication 📰 👆 💯 created 💦 by modern 🌁 industry ➕ 👆 place ☝️ workers of 🍨🗼 different ↔💬 localities in 🕺➡ contact 😑 with one 😫🔪 another. ♂ It ❓🚶 was just ⛹🤔 👉 contact 📱👽 👆 was needed to 👅 centralise ☝️ numerous local 📰 struggles, all of 🍆 ☝️ same 💩 character, 🙉👺 into one 🍳🔥 national struggle 😣😥 between 🍼 classes. But 😎 every class 🎓 struggle 😣😣 ✅ 🅰️ political struggle. 😫😣 ➕ 👆 union, to ✋💰 attain which ☝️ burghers of 🤑🔴 ☝️ middle 🖕🖕 ages, ⌚ with ♠ their ⬅ miserable highways, 🛣 required 📋📋 centuries, ☝️ modern 🌁🌁 proletarians, thanks 👌 to ✌👏 railways, achieve 😌 in 🅰️ few 🔛🔛 years. 👉 organisation of 💦 ☝️ proletarians into 🅰️ class, ➕ consequently into 👉 🅰️ political party, ✅ continually being 🙆 upset again 💦💦 by 😈😈 ☝️ competition 🤔 between 😉🏻 ☝️ workers themselves. 👩👨 But 🍑 it 🏻 ever 🖕 rises up again, 🙈 stronger, 💪 firmer, mightier. It 💯 compels legislative recognition 👀👀 of 💦🤑 particular interests of ☝️ workers, by 😈😗 taking 💎 advantage of 💻💦 ☝️ divisions among ☝️ bourgeoisie itself. Thus 👌👌 ☝️ ten-hours' bill in 🚪 england was 👍👥 carried. altogether collisions between ☝️ classes of ☝️ old society 🌎👧 further, in 👠🚗 many 👧💪 ways, ☝️ course 💰🏎 of development of ☝️ proletariat. ☝️ bourgeoisie finds 😂🕵 itself 👈👏 involved in 👌〽 🅰️ constant battle. At 💰 first with 🎃 ☝️ aristocracy; later 📅🌃 on, with those portions of 💦 ☝️ bourgeoisie itself, 👏🙏 whose 🌄🌄 interests have 💰 become ♂ antagonistic to 💦🚶 ☝️ progress of industry; at 👅 all times, 🍆 with ☝️ bourgeoisie of 👩💦 foreign 🚓 countries. 🏳 In 👉 all 😎 these 😤📀 battles it 🤔 sees itself 👈👈 compelled to 🍅💦 appeal 👏👏 to 💦 ☝️ proletariat, to 💦💦 ask ❔😩 for its help, ➕ thus, 🕵 to 👁💦 drag it 😰 into 🚟👉 ☝️ political arena. ☝️ bourgeoisie itself, 👈 therefore, supplies ☝️ proletariat with its 🌲 own 🙆😂 instruments of 💯 political ➕ general ♂♂ education, in 🕐⤴ other words, 🤑 it furnishes ☝️ proletariat with weapons for fighting ☝️ bourgeoisie. further, 🔙😝 as we have 👏 already 👋 seen, entire 🙌 sections of 🍆 ☝️ ruling classes 💯, by 🚗😈 ☝️ advance of industry, precipitated into 🏼⬇ ☝️ proletariat, or 💁💁 💯 at 👉 least 🚟♂ threatened in their 👈 conditions of 💦🎫 existence. 🔥😎 These also supply ☝️ proletariat with 👏❌ fresh 🌼💋 elements of 💦 enlightenment 📈📈 ➕ progress. finally, 🙏🙏 in 👏 times 💦 when 🕐 ☝️ class 👩😛 struggle 😥 nears ☝️ decisive hour, ⏱⏱ ☝️ process of dissolution going ♂🏃 on 🏄 within ☝️ ruling class, 😛 in fact 🏫 within ☝️ whole 👦⭕ range of 👼🐙 society, 👧 assumes such 😏😏 🅰️ violent, 💥 glaring character, 💀 👆 🅰️ small 👌 section 📦📦 of 💦💦 ☝️ ruling class 👩 cuts 🔪 itself adrift, ➕ joins ☝️ revolutionary ✊ class, ☝️ class 👆 holds 👫 ☝️ future 👅 in 🌤🏡 its hands. 👏 Just 🍆 as, 🎣🍑 therefore, at 😂💁 🅰️♑️ earlier period, 🅰️ section 📦 of 💦 ☝️ nobility went 🚗 over 👏🙊 to 😦💦 ☝️ bourgeoisie, so 🆘 now 👇🕥 🅰️ portion 👌 of 🤔 ☝️ bourgeoisie goes 🅱💦 over to ☝️ proletariat, ➕ in particular, 🅰️ portion of ☝️ bourgeois ideologists, who 🤔 have 🙄🈶 raised ⬆⬆ themselves 👨 to 💦 ☝️ level of comprehending theoretically ☝️ historical movement as 🍑🕛 🅰️ whole. 💦💦 of 🚨 all 💦💯 ☝️ classes 👆 stand face 😐😀 to 🎓💣 face 😢 with 😲👏 ☝️ bourgeoisie today, 📅📅 ☝️ proletariat alone 🙃😤 ✅ 🅰️ really ⁉ revolutionary class. 🎓🎓 ☝️ other 🎩🌈 classes decay ➕ finally 🙏 disappear in 🏼 ☝️ face of 💦💦 modern industry; ☝️ proletariat ✅ its 🙅 special 👾 ➕ essential 💯💯 product. ☝️ lower middle class, 🎓📓 ☝️ small manufacturer, ☝️ shopkeeper, ☝️ artisan, ☝️ peasant, all these fight 😡♂ against ☝️ bourgeoisie, to save 👐😩 from 👊 extinction their existence as fractions of 🥜💦 ☝️ middle 👈 class. ✏🎓 They ♂ 💯 therefore ❎ revolutionary, but 🍑😎 conservative. Nay more, 😭🍥 they ❤ 💯 reactionary, for they 🤷 try 😐🏃 to roll 🎶🎸 back ☝️ wheel of 😤 history. 🛡📚 If 😤👏 by chance 🚫 they ✊👲 💯 revolutionary, ✊ they 💯 so 💯🤔 only 💯😤 in 😈😏 view of their ⬅ impending transfer into ☝️ proletariat, they thus 😂 defend ❎ their 💯 present, 🎀🎀 but 👹 their future 🚀 interests, they 👥😱 desert their own standpoint to place 🤤🏡 themselves at 👅👒 👆 of 💦 ☝️ proletariat. ☝️ "dangerous 💀🔪 class," 🤓 ☝️ social 📖💑 scum, 😷 👆 passively rotting mass 👩 thrown off by 👏 ☝️ lowest 🍆🍆 layers 📰📰 of 💦 old 😎👴 society, may, 🗓 here ➕ there, 💾 be swept 🤣 into ☝️ movement by 😡😈 🅰️ proletarian revolution; its 👏👤 conditions of 💦😂 life, 👼😎 however, prepare 👉 it far 😩🌌 more 😇 for 🔯🍆 ☝️ part 🗳🗾 of 💦 🅰️ bribed tool 🛠🛠 of 💦 reactionary intrigue. in 🔙🕶 ☝️ conditions of 💦💦 ☝️ proletariat, those 😘👞 of 💦💦 old 👴🍆 society at 🏠💯 large 🏯 💯 already 😂 virtually swamped. ☝️ proletarian ✅ without ❌🚫 property; his 👀 relation to 🚫💦 his wife ➕ children 👦👧 has 💳 no 🚫🚫 longer 🕚😖 anything 🙄🍑 in common 😍 with ☝️ bourgeois family-relations; 👨🏾 modern 🌁 industrial labour, modern subjection to 🔭😱 capital, 🔤 ☝️ same in england as 🍑 in france, in america ⚓⛵ as in germany, has 👏💰 stripped 👯👯 him of 🎭🍆 every 👖😰 trace of national character. 👺 Law, 📜 morality, religion, 📕 💯 to 🕵💦 him 👫 so 💯 many 💯 bourgeois prejudices, behind which lurk 🚸 in ambush just 👏 as many ✋ bourgeois interests. all 💯🥜 ☝️ preceding classes 👆 got ☝️ upper hand, ✋ sought to fortify their 👈 already 😃 acquired status 👉🙋 by 😡😡 subjecting society 👨 at large 🏔🏔 to their conditions of 👏📆 appropriation. ☝️ proletarians cannot ⛔ become 🤦 masters of 👬 ☝️ productive forces 🍆 of society, 😥👥 except 😮😮 by 👏 abolishing their 🏼 own 🎡 previous mode of 💯 appropriation, ➕ thereby also every 👏🕤 other 👪 previous mode of 💦💦 appropriation. They have 👏 nothing 🏿📛 of 👏🤓 their 🍆 own 🙆 to 👉💦 secure 😍 ➕ to 💀 fortify; their 🏻 mission 🚟 ✅ to destroy 😱💥 all previous securities for, ➕ insurances of, individual 🥖🥖 property. all 💯👌 previous historical movements were 👏 movements of minorities, or 🚨🤔 in 👇👉 ☝️ interests of 👌 minorities. ☝️ proletarian movement ✅ ☝️ self-conscious, independent movement of ☝️ immense majority, in ⬇♂ ☝️ interests of 👏👏 ☝️ immense majority. ☝️ proletariat, ☝️ lowest 💦 stratum of 🍨 our 💩💰 present society, 👨👨 cannot stir, cannot 😡 raise 🙋🙋 itself 👏👏 up, 💪 without ☝️ whole 👧 superincumbent strata of 😜 official society 🌎 being sprung into ☔👉 ☝️ air. 😵 though 🤔🔥 ❎ in 👇 substance, yet ❗ in form, 💦 ☝️ struggle of 💦🔌 ☝️ proletariat with 😤😶 ☝️ bourgeoisie ✅ at first 🕐🕐 🅰️ national struggle. 😥😣 ☝️ proletariat of 😏 each 👏 country 🏃 must, 💰🙅 of 👨🛢 course, first 😢👆 of all 👇😮 settle 👪 matters 💞💞 with ↔ its 👤👏 own 👇 bourgeoisie. in 💦 depicting ☝️ most ➕ general phases of ☝️ development 🔬 of 💦 ☝️ proletariat, we traced ☝️ more 🍗✋ or less veiled civil 🏢 war, raging within 👏 existing society, 👧👥 up ✋☝ to 💦🙅 ☝️ point where 👆 war 💯 breaks 💥💥 out 👋🏎 into open 👐 revolution, 💥👺 ➕ where 😈 ☝️ violent 🥊🥊 overthrow of 👼💦 ☝️ bourgeoisie lays ☝️ foundation for 💰 ☝️ sway of 💦 ☝️ proletariat. hitherto, every 🔪ⓜ form of 💦🏻 society has 💰👏 been based, 👌 as we 👶 have already seen, on 🔛🔛 ☝️ antagonism of 💦💰 oppressing ➕ oppressed classes. But ☝ in order to 💦💦 oppress 🅰️ class, 🥇🎓 certain 🤔🤔 conditions must be assured to it under ⬇ which 🙌👏 it 😽 can, 👀🔫 at 🕛🍆 least, 😱 continue 💰 its 🙅 slavish existence. 😫 ☝️ serf, in ☝️ period 🔴🔴 of serfdom, raised ⬆ himself 😎 to 👀💦 membership 💳💳 in 😩🅿 ☝️ commune, just as 🏿🏿 ☝️ petty bourgeois, under ☝️ yoke of 💦 feudal absolutism, managed to ♀💦 develop into 🅰️ bourgeois. ☝️ modern 🌁 laborer, on 👅 ☝️ contrary, instead 👍👍 of 🚋💦 rising with ☝️ progress of 🏿 industry, sinks deeper 🗣🍆 ➕ deeper 😫 below ☝️ conditions of 👬😂 existence 🔥 of 🚋💦 his 💦 own 🏳 class. He becomes 📉 🅰️ pauper, ➕ pauperism develops more rapidly 💨💨 than 😻🤢 population 👥👥 ➕ wealth. 💵💳 ➕ here 📍👏 it 🤷 becomes evident, 🕵🕵 👆 ☝️ bourgeoisie ✅ unfit any 💦 longer to be ☝️ ruling class ⚠ in 👉 society, 👩 ➕ to 👁 impose its ⚜🐶 conditions of 💦 existence 👌🔥 upon 💰💰 society 👪👥 as 🅰️♑️ over-riding 👳💦 law. ⚖ It ✅ unfit to 👀🅱 rule ⚖ because 😏✡ it ✅ incompetent to assure 🍑🍑 🅰️♑️ existence 🔥 to 🛏💦 its 🙅⚜ slave 🙇 within 🅰 his ⌚ slavery, because 👌 it 😂♂ cannot 🚫 help 💁😱 letting ❌ him 😂 sink into 🏼🅱 such 🏼👌 🅰️ state, 🏛👏 👆 it 😂🚋 has 💰❓ to 👬🤔 feed 🍆🍆 him, 🆘 instead of 😣 being 🤗 fed by him. society can 💦 no 👎🔥 longer live under ⬇ 👉 bourgeoisie, in 🥖👏 other 👭🏾 words, its 🙅🤳 existence 👌 ✅ no 🙈 longer 😲🕚 compatible with 👏 society. 👨 ☝️ essential condition 🌬🌬 for 🏻🕓 ☝️ existence, 🚹 ➕ for ☝️ sway of 💦🤔 ☝️ bourgeois class, 🎓 ✅ ☝️ formation ➕ augmentation of 💰💯 capital; ☝️ condition 🌬 for capital 🔤🔤 ✅ wage-labour. Wage-labour rests exclusively on 😫💰 competition 💯 between ☝️ laborers. ☝️ advance 🕑 of 💦 industry, whose 🌄 involuntary promoter ✅ ☝️ bourgeoisie, replaces ☝️ isolation of 😜💥 ☝️ labourers, due 👅 to ⚔💦 competition, 💯 by 👊👉 their 🍆 revolutionary ✊ combination, 🔃🔃 due 👅 to 😛💦 association. ☝️ development of 👬 modern industry, therefore, 👉🔥 cuts from 🏽 under its 📞 feet 👣 ☝️ very foundation on which ☝️ bourgeoisie produces ➕ appropriates products. What ⁉😦 ☝️ bourgeoisie, therefore, produces, above all, 💯 ✅ its 👤👤 own 👐 grave-diggers. Its fall 🍁↘ ➕ ☝️ victory 🏆✌ of 👬 ☝️ proletariat 💯 equally inevitable. ii. Proletarians ➕ communists 🔴🔴 in what relation do ☝️ communists stand to 😣 ☝️ proletarians as 🍑🍑 🅰️ whole? 💦 ☝️ communists do 😭👀 ❎ form 🅰️ separate party 🍕🎉 opposed to 💦 other 👪 working-class parties. 🎂🙌 they ❤😈 have no interests separate 🗾🗾 ➕ apart 😭 from those 🍑👞 of ☝️ proletariat as 👏 🅰️ whole. ⭕ they do 😂 ❎ set up any 😱💦 sectarian principles of 💦📀 their own, ☯ by which 👩👏 to 💰💦 shape ⚪⚪ ➕ mould ☝️ proletarian movement. ☝️ communists 🔴🔴 💯 distinguished from ☝️ other 🏾 working-class parties 🎂🙌 by 📧 👉 only: (1️⃣) ♂👸 in 🍆😫 ☝️ national struggles of 🗜 ☝️ proletarians of 😍🍞 ☝️ different countries, they 👴🤵 point out 💯 ➕ bring ⬅ to 🔭 ☝️ front 🔝 ☝️ common 😍 interests of 💦🏧 ☝️ entire 🙌🌪 proletariat, independently of 💦 all nationality. (2️⃣) 👱🙀 in ☝️ various stages of 💦 development 🔬🔬 which ☝️ struggle of 💦💦 ☝️ working 😩 class against ☝️ bourgeoisie has 🚸 to 🏃 pass through, they always ➕ everywhere 😍 represent ✊ ☝️ interests of 💦💦 ☝️ movement as 🗻 🅰️ whole. 👧 ☝️ communists, therefore, 💯 on ⬇ ☝️ one hand, practically, ☝️ most 🤚 advanced 📕 ➕ resolute section of 🤔😫 ☝️ working-class 😩😭 parties 🙌 of 💦👌 every 💯 country, 👆 section which 👏 pushes forward ⏰⏭ all others; 👀 on 🔛 ☝️ other hand, theoretically, they 💥👧 have ✊👏 over ☝️ great 👌👍 mass ⛪⛪ of 💦 ☝️ proletariat ☝️ advantage of 👉 clearly 🤓 understanding ☝️ line 💨💨 of 💦👪 march, ☝️ conditions, ➕ ☝️ ultimate general 👮♂ results 🔢 of 😂 ☝️ proletarian movement. ☝️ immediate aim of 🚑🏫 ☝️ communist ✅ ☝️ same as 💰 👆 of 😏 all 🗿👀 ☝️ other 👊 proletarian parties: 🙌 formation of 🏻💀 ☝️ proletariat into 🅰️ class, overthrow of 🔌💦 ☝️ bourgeois supremacy, ✅✅ conquest 🤺 of 👄💰 political power by 👀👊 ☝️ proletariat. ☝️ theoretical conclusions of ☝️ communists 🔴 💯 in 😂⤴ no 👌 way 😇↕ based 🍞👌 on 🔛 ideas or 💁 principles 👆 have been 👑🥜 invented, or 👉💁 discovered, by 👷 👉 or 💰 👆 would-be 😏 universal reformer. They merely express, 🚅 in ⏬ general terms, actual ❗❗ relations 🍆🍆 springing from 💰😮 🅰️♑️ existing class 🎓🤓 struggle, 😣😥 from 🕒 🅰️ historical movement going 🚕 on 👀 under ⬇👎 our very 💎 eyes. ☝️ abolition of 🔍 existing property relations ✅ ❎ at 👌 all 🥜 🅰️ distinctive feature of communism. all property relations in 😎👏 ☝️ past ⚰📟 have 🍴 continually been 👏😀 subject to 👌💦 historical change 😩 consequent upon 😽💰 ☝️ change in 🔥👉 historical conditions. ☝️ french 🧀👨 revolution, 👺 for 🎅 example, abolished feudal property in 🙌 favour of 💦💦 bourgeois property. ☝️ distinguishing feature of 🚋💦 communism ✅ ❎ ☝️ abolition of 🗜🔴 property generally, 👀 but ☝️ abolition of bourgeois property. But ❄🍑 modern 🌁 bourgeois private property ✅ ☝️ final 🔮🔮 ➕ most 🔝🤚 complete expression of 🔟 ☝️ system of 🔥🔝 producing ➕ appropriating products, 👆 ✅ based on 🏽 class antagonisms, on ☝️ exploitation of 💦💦 ☝️ many 💯🏼 by 🍂 ☝️ few. 👇😋 in 😎👉 👉 sense, 🤐🏻 ☝️ theory 🍆 of 💦💥 ☝️ communists may 📅📅 be 👏 summed up 😫🏽 in 🐕🌆 ☝️ single sentence: abolition of 🎭 private property. we 👦🅱 communists 🔴🔴 have been reproached with ☝️ desire of 😢💯 abolishing ☝️ right of 💦🤤 personally 💻 acquiring property as 🍑💰 ☝️ fruit of 🅰️ man's 👫 own labour, which 😩🐱 property ✅ alleged to 💰👌 be ☝️ groundwork of ♂🌈 all 💪 personal freedom, activity ➕ independence. 📜 hard-won, 🏻 self-acquired, 🙇 self-earned 💯 property! do 💕 👉 mean ☝️ property of 🔥💦 ☝️ petty artisan ➕ of 💦🤔 ☝️ small 👌👏 peasant, 🅰️ form 💦 of property 👆 preceded ☝️ bourgeois form? 💦 there 🤔✔ ✅ no 😩♂ need 📱🙅 to 🍒✌ abolish 👆; ☝️ development of 💦😎 industry has 👏👏 to 🔟💦 🅰️ great extent already 😞 destroyed it, ➕ ✅ still 👏👠 destroying it 🔜 daily. 💰📆 or do 👉 mean 😏 modern bourgeois private 🕵 property? but 🏽☝ does wage-labour create any 💦 property for 😏🙌 ☝️ labourer? ❎ 🅰️ bit. 😁😁 It creates capital, 🔤🔤 🙋*♂️.e., 👆 kind 🤗🙁 of 💦 property which exploits wage-labour, ➕ which 🏼 cannot increase except 😮 upon 👦 condition of 🗼 begetting 🅰️ new 🍆 supply of wage-labour for fresh 😍 exploitation. Property, in its 😫👤 present 🎀 form, 💦 ✅ based 😎 on 🔛💦 ☝️ antagonism of 💦 capital 🔤🔤 ➕ wage-labour. Let 🙆🙆 us 💦 examine both sides of 👉 antagonism. to be 💪🎮 🅰️ capitalist, ✅ to have ❎ only 😤 🅰️ purely personal, but 🅰️ social status 👉🙋 in production. 🌚🌚 Capital 🔤🔤 ✅ 🅰️ collective product, 👟👟 ➕ only by ☝️ united 👏 action of many members, nay, in 😜 ☝️ last resort, only ☝ by ☝️ united action 💪 of 💦 all members 👨👨 of society, 👧👩 can it 🚶 be 🐝🐝 set 👌🕸 in motion. capital 🔤🔤 ✅, therefore, ❎ 🅰️ personal, it 👏 ✅ 🅰️ social 💰 power. 💯 when, therefore, 👉🎉 capital 🔤🔤 ✅ converted into ⬇ common 🐩 property, into 😂 ☝️ property of all members 👨 of 💦 society, 👨😥 personal property ✅ ❎ thereby transformed 📻 into social 🛂📀 property. It 👉😂 ✅ only 🙏👏 ☝️ social 📖📀 character 🙈👺 of 👨🤔 ☝️ property 👆 ✅ changed. It 🤡😨 loses its 👏 class-character. 🎓🎓 let us now ⌚😭 take wage-labour. ☝️ average 💰➗ price 💲📈 of 🅱 wage-labour ✅ ☝️ minimum wage, 🙋*♂️.e., 🐝🗼 👆 quantum of ☝️ means 🕖 of 😝 subsistence, which 🤤 ✅ absolutely requisite in ⬅✝ bare existence 😎😍 as 🅰️ labourer. What, ✉🤔 therefore, 👏 ☝️ wage-labourer appropriates by 👨😀 means of 💡😢 his 👈 labour, merely suffices to 🤷💦 prolong ➕ reproduce 👅👅 🅰️ bare existence. 🔥💙 We 👧 by no 💦❌ means intend to 😱 abolish 👉 personal appropriation of 💦 ☝️ products of 💦😎 labour, 🅰️♑️ appropriation 👆 ✅ made 🍔🙌 for ☝️ maintenance ➕ reproduction of 💦💦 human 👩👦 life, 😁 ➕ 👆 leaves 💀 no surplus wherewith to 😣 command ☝️ labour of 🚀💦 others. All 👧🌈 👆 we 👥 want to do away 🙅😅 with, 👦 ✅ ☝️ miserable character 💀 of 💦🌾 👉 appropriation, under ⬇ which 😩 ☝️ labourer lives 🤕🤕 merely to 💦 increase capital, 🔤🔤 ➕ ✅ allowed 🤔😡 to live only in 🏻👏 so far 🌌👉 as ☝️ interest 👀 of 💰💰 ☝️ ruling class 🥇🥇 requires it. in bourgeois society, 👨 living 🐲😮 labour ✅ but 🍑 🅰️ means 🙄😏 to increase 💳💳 accumulated labour. In 👏 communist society, 👨 accumulated labour ✅ but 🍑 🅰️ means 😏 to ✌ widen, to enrich, to ✌🤑 promote ☝️ existence of 😤 ☝️ labourer. in 👏💁 bourgeois society, 👨👥 therefore, ☝️ past dominates ☝️ present; 🎀 in 🔽👉 communist 😈 society, ☝️ present dominates ☝️ past. 👏🗿 In 👇♂ bourgeois society capital 🔤 ✅ independent 🙅 ➕ has 👏👏 individuality, while ☝️ living 👇 👤 ✅ dependent ➕ has 👏🅰 no 😤 individuality. ➕ ☝️ abolition of ♂ 👉 state 👏🗽 of things 🕑 ✅ called 📲 by ☝️ bourgeois, abolition of individuality ➕ freedom! ➕ rightly so. ❓🔫 ☝️ abolition of bourgeois individuality, bourgeois independence, 📜📜 ➕ bourgeois freedom ✅ undoubtedly aimed at. 👅 by freedom ✅ meant, 🚫🚫 under ⬇ ☝️ present 🎀 bourgeois conditions of 🗜💰 production, 🌚🌚 free 🏛 trade, 📜📜 free selling ➕ buying. but 👹 if ☝ selling ➕ buying disappears, free selling ➕ buying disappears also. 👉 talk 🗣 about 🥕 free 👏🔓 selling ➕ buying, ➕ all 😩🌎 ☝️ other 🎴 "brave words" of our 👵💩 bourgeoisie about freedom in general, 👮 have 🎁 🅰️ meaning, ⛔❌ if 🤥😤 any, only 💳 in 🕐🌆 contrast with restricted selling ➕ buying, with ☝️ fettered traders of ☝️ middle ages, ⌚⌚ but have no meaning ⛔🔪 when 🕛🕗 opposed to 💦♻ ☝️ communistic abolition of 😳💦 buying ➕ selling, of 💰 ☝️ bourgeois conditions of production, 🌚 ➕ of 💯 ☝️ bourgeoisie itself. 👉 💯 horrified 😱 at 😤 our 🚟😻 intending to do away 😬🙅 with 👏 private 🕵 property. But 🍑 in 😛 your 💸 existing society, 👧 private property ✅ already done 🍆⌛ away 👆👆 with 👏 for 🍆 nine-tenths 🍆🍆 of 💦🔴 ☝️ population; its ✊ existence 🚹 for 🤔 ☝️ few 👇👇 ✅ solely 👞👞 due to 🏿 its 👏 non-existence in 🚪 ☝️ hands 🙌👊 of 🅱 those 👈 nine-tenths. 🍆🍆 👉 reproach 👎👎 us, 😋❗ therefore, 👏👏 with 👏👀 intending to 😂🚫 do 💦💪 away ⛔😭 with 👏👏 🅰️ form 💦💦 of 💰👨 property, ☝️ necessary condition for whose 🌄🌄 existence 🚹 ✅ ☝️ non-existence 🏆 of ⛄👏 any 🍵😱 property for 🍆🎅 ☝️ immense majority of society. 😥👥 in ♂ one 👆😤 word, 👉 reproach 👎 us 💦💯 with 😣😡 intending to do away 😭 with 👩 your 🍎😩 property. Precisely so; 🤙🏻 👆 ✅ just 🏻👏 what 😅💦 we 👦 intend. from ☝️ moment ☀ when labour can 👀💦 no 🙅🍆 longer be 🅱 converted into capital, 🔤🔤 money, 💰💦 or rent, 💵 into 🚟🚪 🅰️ social power 🔌⚡ capable of being 😩 monopolised, 🙋*♂️.e., 🏻😩 from ☝️ moment 🔙 when 😂 individual property can 🔫💦 no 🤔 longer 😏🍆 be 🥜 transformed into 👏 bourgeois property, into ☔💦 capital, 🔤🔤 from 🕒🛣 👆 moment, 👉 say individuality vanishes. 👉 must, therefore, 🎉👉 confess 👆 by ⏩ "individual" 🥖🥖 👉 mean 👿🅱 no other 👤 than 🅰 ☝️ bourgeois, than ☝️ middle-class owner 🚹 of 🚋😕 property. 👉 👤 must, 🏽👏 indeed, be 🐝➡ swept 🤣🤣 out 💦 of 😤💦 ☝️ way, ↕👯 ➕ made 🤗🍔 impossible. communism deprives no man 🤔🏃 of 👏 ☝️ power 👊🔌 to 🙌💦 appropriate 🙌🙌 ☝️ products of society; 👧 all 👨 👆 it does ✅ to 🙌💦 deprive him 👨 of 🔧 ☝️ power 🔋⚡ to ✌ subjugate ☝️ labour of 🐙🅱 others 😤 by 😈 means 😼😫 of 👏❤ such 🔝 appropriation. it 💡 has 👏🙏 been 💴💴 objected 👆 upon 💰💰 ☝️ abolition of 💦 private property all 🌎😎 work 🔜 cease, ➕ universal laziness 🔜 overtake us. 👦👩 according to 💦💦 👉, bourgeois society 👨 ought long ago 🔙 to 👌 have 😩😣 gone 🤔🏃 to ♻👀 ☝️ dogs through 👌☄ sheer idleness; for 🤔🎅 those of 💦😂 its 👏💰 members 👦👨 who ⁉ work, acquire nothing, ➕ those 😈❗ who acquire anything, 🙄 do 👨 ❎ work. ☝️ whole 💦😍 of 😊🤔 👉 objection ✅ but 🗣✋ another expression of 💯 ☝️ tautology: 👆 there can no longer 😏🕚 be 😡 any 🌐 wage-labour when 🕒😩 there ❌ ✅ no longer 😖😲 any 🏼 capital. 🔤 all objections urged against ✊🔫 ☝️ communistic mode of producing ➕ appropriating material products, have, in ☝️ same way, been urged against 😲😫 ☝️ communistic modes of producing ➕ appropriating intellectual 🤓😜 products. Just 👏 as, to 💰🔟 ☝️ bourgeois, ☝️ disappearance of class ✏ property ✅ ☝️ disappearance of production itself, 👏 so 🌹 ☝️ disappearance of 🙌 class 😛 culture ✅ to 💦👬 him 🔱 identical with 👬 ☝️ disappearance of 🍒 all culture. ⛩🌎 👆 culture, ⛩⛩ ☝️ loss 😔😔 of which he 💻👨 laments, ✅, for 😏 ☝️ enormous majority, 🅰️ mere training to 💦⚫ act as 🍑 🅰️ machine. ❤🔥 but 🍑🍑 don't 🚫 wrangle with 😍😣 us 💦👨 so ❌ long 😄 as 👏💎 👉 apply, 🤔😤 to 💦🌱 our 😈 intended abolition of 👏 bourgeois property, ☝️ standard of your 🏾 bourgeois notions of freedom, culture, 🌎🌎 law, 👩📃 etc. Your 👉 very 👌👤 ideas 💯 but ☝️ outgrowth of ☝️ conditions of 😤🚑 your 💪 bourgeois production 🌚🌚 ➕ bourgeois property, just as 🏿 your 🏼 jurisprudence ✅ but 🤔 ☝️ 🔜 of your 👧 class 😛 made 🏠 into ➡🔍 🅰️ law ⚖📃 for 🎁😣 all, 🤠 🅰️ 🔜, whose 🌄 essential character 🙉🙉 ➕ direction 💯 determined by 😈🍂 ☝️ economical conditions of existence 💕🔥 of 💦 your 👴 class. 🏫 ☝️ selfish ✡ misconception 👆 induces 👉 to transform ♻♻ into 👉 eternal laws of nature 🏔 ➕ of 👄 reason, 😰🕵 ☝️ social forms 🐛🐛 springing from your 😧👉 present 🎀 mode of 💦 production ➕ form of property--historical relations 👆 rise ➕ disappear in ⏬☝ ☝️ progress of 💦😍 production--this 🌚 misconception 👉 share with 👏👏 every 👏 ruling class 🤓✏ 👆 has 👉 preceded 👉. What 👉 👀 clearly 🤓 in 👤 ☝️ case of 💰💦 ancient 🎶 property, what 😦😦 👉 admit in 📥🏼 ☝️ case 😂👅 of 🚋😿 feudal property, 👉 💯 of 🚀 course forbidden 🙅 to 🗣 admit in 👏🍆 ☝️ case 🗃👌 of 🤑 your own 🌈🍆 bourgeois form 💦💦 of property. abolition of ☝️ family! 👧 even 🌃🌃 ☝️ most radical 🤗😤 flare up 🍠😍 at 💦 👉 infamous proposal of 📆 ☝️ communists. 🔴 on 🍆 what foundation ✅ ☝️ present 🎀🎀 family, ☝️ bourgeois family, based? on 🔛 capital, 🔤 on 🏿 private gain. 🔼 In its 🙅😆 completely 😍 developed 🚸 form 💦💦 👉 family 👨 exists ✔✔ only among ☝️ bourgeoisie. But 🍑 👉 state 👏🗽 of 💦💦 things 🕑 finds 😂🕵 its complement ⚖🌝 in 👌⤵ ☝️ practical absence of 🙏🔥 ☝️ family 🏾👪 among ☝️ proletarians, ➕ in 👇 public prostitution. ☝️ bourgeois family 👨 🔜 vanish as 🅰👦 🅰️ matter 😡😡 of 💦 course 🏎✔ when 💕⏰ its complement 🌝⚖ vanishes, ➕ both 🔜 vanish with 😍🆕 ☝️ vanishing of 👏 capital. 🔤🔤 do 👉 👉 charge us 🅱 with wanting to 😊💦 stop 🚫❌ ☝️ exploitation of 💦💡 children by 👉👀 their parents? 👧💸 to 👉 crime we plead guilty. 😏 but, 🍑😫 👉 🔜 say, 😩🗣 we 🔫 destroy ☝️ most ❄🦊 hallowed of relations, when 😩 we 👥 replace 👱 home 🏠 education by 😈 social. 💰💰 ➕ your 👨👱 education! 🆓🆓 ✅ ❎ 👆 also 😨🙇 social, 💰💑 ➕ determined by 😈 ☝️ social 💰📖 conditions under ⬇ which 👏 👉 educate, 📚 by ☝️ intervention, direct or indirect, of 💦👯 society, by 📧 means of 😫💦 schools, etc.? ☝️ communists 🔴 have 🅱👏 ❎ invented ☝️ intervention of 🅱 society in 👏 education; 🏫🎓 they do 😐 but seek 💩❕ to alter ☝️ character of 👆 intervention, ➕ to 👬😫 rescue education from 👉 ☝️ influence of ☝️ ruling class. 🎓 ☝️ bourgeois clap-trap 👏 about ☝️ family 👦 ➕ education, 🆓🎓 about 🤖🍾 ☝️ hallowed co-relation of 💰💦 parent 🏻 ➕ child, 👶👪 becomes all ☝️ more 💳➕ disgusting, 🤢🤢 ☝️ more, 🔥 by 🏼 ☝️ action 🤚😏 of 💦 modern industry, all 💯 family ties among 💰 ☝️ proletarians 💯 torn asunder, ➕ their ⭕🏻 children 😍 transformed 📻 into simple 😏 articles of 😍 commerce ➕ instruments of 💦 labour. but ✋ 👉 communists would introduce community 👩 of 💦🕯 women, 😤 screams 😱😠 ☝️ whole 😍 bourgeoisie in chorus. ☝️ bourgeois sees 👀🙄 in 😈🔥 his 🙏 wife 🅰️ mere 💀 instrument of 🍌💦 production. he 🦊 hears 👂👂 👆 ☝️ instruments of production 💯 to 💩 be 😠🐝 exploited in 🕕 common, ➕, naturally, can 🗑💏 come 🤔💦 to 💦 no ❌ other 🏾👈 conclusion than 🏽 👆 ☝️ lot of being 🐝🐝 common 🐩🐩 to 😤💦 all 🔜 likewise fall 😘🍂 to 👌📖 ☝️ women. 👮 he has 👏 ❎ even ♀ 🅰️ suspicion 👆 ☝️ real 🌶 point ⚫ ✅ to do 💬👀 away with 😣👈 ☝️ status of 🌈 women as mere instruments of production. for ☝️ rest, 😧 nothing 🚫 ✅ more ridiculous 😤😤 than ☝️ virtuous indignation of our bourgeois at ☝️ community 🏢 of women ♀♀ which, 🥙 they 👧🏽 pretend, 💭💭 ✅ to be openly ➕ officially 👮🏻 established by 😈 ☝️ communists. 🔴 ☝️ communists 🔴🔴 have 🅰🅰 no 🅱🏼 need to ⬆🚓 introduce community 👥 of 🈸👮 women; it 👋♀ has 👏👏 existed almost 😲 from 💰👉 time immemorial. our 🐶 bourgeois, ❎ content 😊💯 with having 🍽👉 ☝️ wives 🐷🐷 ➕ daughters of their 👩 proletarians at 👨😴 their ⭕ disposal, ❎ to 💦💯 speak 🗣😶 of ❗👨 common 💦😍 prostitutes, take 👩😳 ☝️ greatest pleasure in 📥👇 seducing each 👋👏 other's wives. 👌🐷 bourgeois marriage ✅ in 👏⬇ reality 🅰️ system 🤣 of 😤 wives 👉 in common 🐩 ➕ thus, at 👒👀 ☝️ most, 🔝😃 what ☝️ communists 🔴 might 🤷 possibly be 👏🆗 reproached with, 😣👏 ✅ 👆 they desire to 💦💦 introduce, in 👏👉 substitution for 🎁 🅰️ hypocritically concealed, 🅰️♑️ openly legalised community 🌈 of women. For 🍆 ☝️ rest, it 📣😝 ✅ self-evident 👆 ☝️ abolition of 💦 ☝️ present 🎀 system 🏻😎 of 👱😰 production 🌚 must 💪 bring 📉 with 👏 it 😂 ☝️ abolition of 🍨🚋 ☝️ community 👥 of 🈸😂 women 🙋👄 springing from 👆 system, 🤣🌌 🙋*♂️.e., of 😎🍌 prostitution both 👩🌊 public 😫😱 ➕ private. ☝️ communists 🔴 💯 further reproached with 👏 desiring to 😤 abolish countries 🏳 ➕ nationality. ☝️ working 💪 men 🏃😂 have no ⛔🙅 country. 😣😤 We 😍👦 cannot 👊 take 👏 from 👉 them 🏿 what they 🙋 have 🅰 ❎ got. 🔪😏 Since 💦👨 ☝️ proletariat must first 🥇 of 👏💦 all 💯🅱 acquire political supremacy, must rise to 💸💦 be ☝️ leading 💰💰 class of ☝️ nation, must constitute itself 🙏 ☝️ nation, 🏞🏞 it 😤 ✅, so far, itself 👈 national, though 🔥💭 ❎ in ☝️ bourgeois sense 🎥💰 of 🌈 ☝️ word. 💁 national differences ➕ antagonisms between 🖕 peoples 💯 daily 💰 more ➕ ➕ more ➕ vanishing, owing to ☝️ development 🔬🔬 of 🚨 ☝️ bourgeoisie, to 🙏💦 freedom of 🥗 commerce, to 💦😵 ☝️ world-market, to uniformity in 🌋 ☝️ mode of 👏📀 production 🌚 ➕ in ♂👏 ☝️ conditions of life corresponding thereto. ☝️ supremacy ✅ of 💦 ☝️ proletariat 🔜 cause 🎗 them 😂😤 to ⏬💦 vanish still 🙄 faster. 🚀🚀 United action, 🤚 of 🤔 ☝️ leading civilised countries 🏳 at 💰😂 least, 👬🤸 ✅ one 😣 of 🍆😫 ☝️ first 🕐 conditions for ☝️ emancipation of ☝️ proletariat. in ♀ proportion as ☝️ exploitation of one 💪 individual 🥖 by another 🏻 ✅ put 💁 🅰️♑️ end to, ☝️ exploitation of 😊📆 one ☝🍳 nation 🆘 by another 📺 🔜 also ➕ be 🚫 put 👏✋ 🅰️♑️ end 🔚🏽 to. 🔃😩 In ⬅ proportion as ☝️ antagonism between classes within ☝️ nation 🏞🏞 vanishes, ☝️ hostility of 🗼💦 one 🔝😤 nation 🏞 to another 🔜 come 💦 to 🎉 🅰️♑️ end. 🚫 ☝️ charges 💸 against communism made 💰🤗 from 👊😂 🅰️ religious, 😱 🅰️ philosophical, ➕, generally, 😄👀 from 🅰️♑️ ideological standpoint, 💯 ❎ deserving of 💦 serious examination. does 🏋☝ it 🐓 require deep 😝😩 intuition to 🙏 comprehend 👆 man's 🌊 ideas, views ➕ conceptions, in one 💕♿ word, 🅰 man's 🌊 consciousness, changes 🚼💰 with every 👏 change in 👏👏 ☝️ conditions of his 💦 material existence, 😍💌 in 👈🏠 his 👨 social relations 🍆🍆 ➕ in 👮💉 his social life? 😱😤 what 💣👑 else does ☝️ history of 🏫👬 ideas prove, than 🅰 👆 intellectual production 🌚 changes its character 👺👺 in proportion as material 👔 production 🌚🌚 ✅ changed? 😩 ☝️ ruling ideas of each 👏 age 📅 have ever been ☝️ ideas of its 🙅👤 ruling class. 🎓 when 📰👌 👥 speak of 🔟💦 ideas 👆 revolutionise society, 👧😥 they 👈 do 👌💪 but 🍑 express 🚅 ☝️ fact, 👏🔍 👆 within 👏🤞 ☝️ old 🍆💦 society, 👧 ☝️ elements of 🐶💰 🅰️ new one 😤☝ have 😑😏 been 🏼😀 created, ➕ 👆 ☝️ dissolution of ☝️ old 😀😖 ideas keeps even pace with ☝️ dissolution of ☝️ old conditions of existence. 💓 when ⏰📰 ☝️ ancient 🎶🎶 world 🌍 was 💦😱 in its 🌏🏾 last throes, ☝️ ancient religions were overcome 💦💦 by 🚟👋 christianity. When christian ideas succumbed in 👇🙏 ☝️ 1️⃣8️⃣th century to 😤💳 rationalist ideas, feudal society 👥 fought its death battle 💥 with ☝️ then 💯🙈 revolutionary bourgeoisie. ☝️ ideas of religious 😱 liberty 👬 ➕ freedom of conscience merely gave expression to 💦💦 ☝️ sway of 💦👬 free competition 🤔 within 👌😱 ☝️ domain of 💦💦 knowledge. 😍 "undoubtedly," it 🔜 be 🐝🏼 said, 😍🗣 "religious, 😱😱 moral, 😤😤 philosophical ➕ juridical ideas have 👏👏 been modified in ☝️ course 😂 of historical development. But religion, morality philosophy, 😒😔 political science, 🌡🔬 ➕ law, ⚖🚓 constantly 〰 survived 👉 change." 🔁 "there ✔🤔 💯, besides, eternal 🎗 truths, such 😳 as freedom, justice, 🔨 etc. 👆 💯 common 😍😍 to 👐 all 💯 states of society. 👨 But 🍑🍑 communism abolishes eternal 💎 truths, it 👩💯 abolishes all 💯💯 religion, 😇 ➕ all morality, instead 👽💴 of 💦 constituting them 😂 on 🚶🔛 🅰️ new 👆 basis; 😤📅 it 🙂 therefore 👉🎉 acts in 🏡👮 contradiction to 👍 all 👺 past 🗿 historical experience." 😋😋 what 😦👑 does 👉 accusation 😱😱 reduce itself 👏 to? 👋😉 ☝️ history 🤓 of 🏧 all past society 👨 has 👏👏 consisted in 🏽🚗 ☝️ development 🔬 of 😂 class 🎓⚠ antagonisms, antagonisms 👆 assumed different 💰🏼 forms 🐛 at 🍆 different 👉 epochs. but 🍑 whatever form 💦 they may 💯 have taken, 🙏 one fact 👏 ✅ common to 🐚 all past ages, viz., ☝️ exploitation of one 💒 part 😤🤐 of society 👨👩 by ☝️ other. 🏻 No 🙅🙅 wonder, 🤔 then, 😮🏿 👆 ☝️ social consciousness of 💦💦 past ⚰🗿 ages, despite 🙅♂ all ☝️ multiplicity ➕ variety it ✋💯 displays, moves 👬😤 within 🅰 certain 🤔🤔 common 🐩 forms, 🐛 or 🍆 general ideas, which 🤤👌 cannot completely 🙌😫 vanish except with 👀 ☝️ total 📈 disappearance of class antagonisms. ☝️ communist ♀ revolution 👺💥 ✅ ☝️ most radical rupture with traditional 📵 property relations; ♋🍆 no 👌 wonder 🤔🤔 👆 its development involves ☝️ most radical rupture with traditional 📵📵 ideas. but let 👌 us 💯🤵 have 🈶🤜 done 🏽 with ☝️ bourgeois objections to 💦💦 communism. we 🎎👥 have seen above, 🔝 👆 ☝️ first 🥇👆 step 📈⬅ in 🍑 ☝️ revolution by 😈😈 ☝️ working class, 🏫 ✅ to raise ☝️ proletariat to ☝️ position of ruling as to 🍆👬 win 👏 ☝️ battle of democracy. 📈 ☝️ proletariat 🔜 use 👏 its 👌🙅 political supremacy ✅✅ to wrest, by 😈⚡ degrees, all capital from 🤤 ☝️ bourgeoisie, to centralise all 💯👦 instruments of 🗼 production 🌚 in ☝️ hands of ☝️ state, 🙋*♂️.e., 🐝 of 💦💦 ☝️ proletariat organised as 🅱☠ ☝️ ruling class; ✏🎓 ➕ to ✌🌈 increase 💳💳 ☝️ total 📈 of 💰💦 productive 🎨🏀 forces 🍆 as 💦😠 rapidly as possible. 🔝 of course, 👍🏎 in 👏 ☝️ beginning, 😍➡ 👉 cannot ⛔😡 be ☃ effected except 😮 by 😆 means of 👉💦 despotic inroads on 👏🔛 ☝️ rights 👉 of 🤔 property, ➕ on 🔛🔛 ☝️ conditions of 💦💦 bourgeois production; 🌚🌚 by 😈😈 means 💘😫 of 🗜 measures, therefore, 👉 which appear ⁉ economically insufficient ➕ untenable, but which, ❓👏 in 👻 ☝️ course 😂😤 of 👏👨 ☝️ movement, outstrip themselves, 👧👧 necessitate further 🤔🤔 inroads upon 👉😽 ☝️ old 😓👴 social order, ➕ 💯 unavoidable as 🍑🎨 🅰️ means 🤔 of 👱 entirely revolutionising ☝️ mode of 🍨 production. 🌚 these measures 🔜 of 🚑 course 💰 be different 💰 in different 🈯👱 countries. 🏳 nevertheless in 👤 ☝️ most 🦊 advanced countries, ☝️ following 🔜 be 💗👨 pretty generally applicable. 1️⃣. ♀👈 Abolition of property in land 🏞 ➕ application of ♂ all 🤰🦊 rents of 🏫 land 💯🌇 to public purposes. 2️⃣. 🅰️ heavy progressive or ➕💯 graduated income tax. 3️⃣. 🥜 Abolition of 💦💦 all 🛑💯 right of 👀👌 inheritance. 4️⃣. 💦🕑 Confiscation of 💦💦 ☝️ property of all 🛑 emigrants ➕ rebels. 5️⃣. Centralisation of 💰 credit in 🍑 ☝️ hands ✋💦 of 💻👨 ☝️ state, by 💕 means of 😫 🅰️ national bank 🏛 with 😲😉 state 🏛🏛 capital ➕ 🅰️♑️ exclusive monopoly. 6️⃣. 🏠❗ Centralisation of ☝️ means 😏😏 of 👏💰 communication 📰 ➕ transport in 🏼👏 ☝️ hands 🙊😤 of ☝️ state. 7️⃣. Extension of 🔴 factories ➕ instruments of 💦 production owned by ☝️ state; 👦👦 ☝️ bringing into cultivation of 💰💦 waste-lands, ➕ ☝️ improvement of ☝️ soil generally 😄😄 in 👏🍆 accordance with 🅰️ common 🐩😍 plan. 🔝 8️⃣. Equal ⬆👬 liability of 😤💦 all 💯 to 👆 labour. Establishment of industrial armies, especially 🙌😧 for ⛓💰 agriculture. 9️⃣. 🅰🈂 Combination of 🅱👉 agriculture with 👏 manufacturing industries; gradual abolition of 🗜 ☝️ distinction between town 🔥❣ ➕ country, 🏃🏃 by 🅰️ more equable distribution of 💦 ☝️ population 👥 over ☝️ country. 🏃😣 1️⃣0️⃣. 💸 Free 👏👍 education 🆓🆓 for all children in public 🌇 schools. abolition of 💦👪 children's 👶👶 factory labour in its 🌏🆗 present form. 💦 combination 🔃🔃 of education 🏫🎓 with industrial production, 🌚🌚 &c., &c. when, in ☝️ course 🏎😂 of development, 🔬 class 👨 distinctions have 👌 disappeared, 💢💢 ➕ all production 🌚 has 🤔💰 been 👏😀 concentrated in ☝️ hands of 🚀👪 🅰️ vast association of 👏🔟 ☝️ whole nation, 🏞🗺 ☝️ public 👤🍆 power 💯⚡ 🔜 lose its 🌲☠ political character. Political power, properly 👸👸 so ❓☠ called, 🌷😂 ✅ merely ☝️ organised power of one 😬♿ class 👩🏫 for oppressing another. If 💀 ☝️ proletariat during 🏃 its 🙅🆗 contest with 😤👈 ☝️ bourgeoisie ✅ compelled, by 😆😈 ☝️ force 👊 of circumstances, to 💦👌 organise itself as 🅰️ class, 👩📓 if, 🏿 by 😗 means ❓ of 💦💦 🅰️ revolution, 💥💥 it makes 🛠 itself 👏👏 ☝️ ruling class, ➕, as 🍑 such, 😱 sweeps away ♀👋 by 😈🚟 force 🌑👊 ☝️ old 👴👵 conditions of 😳 production, 🌚 then it 💯💨 🔜, along with 👏 these 🖌 conditions, have swept 🤣 away ☝️ conditions for 🎅💰 ☝️ existence 💚💖 of class 👨 antagonisms ➕ of 🐶💦 classes generally, 😄 ➕ 🔜 thereby have ✊👏 abolished its 👤 own supremacy ✅✅ as 🅰️ class. 📚 in place 🙌❤ of 😿 ☝️ old 🏾🍆 bourgeois society, 🌎👥 with its classes ➕ class 👩 antagonisms, we shall 📍🔓 have 💢 🅰️♑️ association, in which ☝️ free 🏇 development 🔬 of each ✅ ☝️ condition 🌬🌬 for ☝️ free 👏 development 🔬🔬 of 💦 all. iii. Socialist ➕ communist literature 1️⃣. ☃ Reactionary socialism 🅰️. Feudal socialism 💖 owing to 👆💦 their 😂 historical position, 😫🏿 it became ✝ ☝️ vocation of 💦👏 ☝️ aristocracies of 👏 france ➕ england to 👏 write ✏ pamphlets against 🔫👉 modern 🌁🌁 bourgeois society. In 👉 ☝️ french 🧀 revolution 🔫🔫 of 💰💦 july 🎇🎇 1️⃣8️⃣3️⃣0️⃣, 🔋♀ ➕ in 👏🙈 ☝️ english ❌❌ reform agitation, these aristocracies again ❌ succumbed to ☝️ hateful upstart. Thenceforth, 🅰️ serious 😒 political contest was 😱👏 altogether out of 🚋💦 ☝️ question. ❓😺 🅰️ literary battle alone 😤 remained possible. 🔝 But 🍑 even 🌃✖ in 😎 ☝️ domain of literature ☝️ old cries 😭 of ☹💦 ☝️ restoration 🏗🏗 period 🔴🔴 had ☝🍑 become 🤦 impossible. in order to 💦😘 arouse sympathy, ☝️ aristocracy were 👧 obliged to 💦 lose 🚫 sight, 👀 apparently, of their own 😱♂ interests, ➕ to 💯➡ formulate their 🍮⬅ indictment against 😤🚫 ☝️ bourgeoisie in 🍑🌋 ☝️ interest 🤔 of ☝️ exploited working 👷🔨 class 🎓⚠ alone. 🙀🙀 Thus 😂 ☝️ aristocracy took 😲 their 🏿🙆 revenge by 👀😈 singing 👩👩 lampoons on their 💴 new 🏽 master, 🥇 ➕ whispering in 😜 his ♂ ears 🙏 sinister prophecies of 💦👅 coming 🏃 catastrophe. in ♂👏 👉 way ↕ arose feudal socialism: 💖 half ⚰ lamentation, half 💀😹 lampoon; half 💀 echo of ☝️ past, 📟 half 😂 menace 👹💥 of 😤 ☝️ future; 💞👅 at 😂👅 times, by its bitter, 😖😖 witty ➕ incisive criticism, striking ☝️ bourgeoisie to ☝️ very 👿 heart's 😍☝ core; 💰💰 but 🌚💏 always ludicrous in its 🙅 effect, through 😩😩 total 📈😏 incapacity to 👊💦 comprehend ☝️ march of modern history. 📖📖 ☝️ aristocracy, in 👉 order 📑📑 to 💦🙅 rally ☝️ 👥 to ✌💦 them, waved ☝️ proletarian alms-bag in 📥 front 🔝 for 👏 🅰️ banner. But ☹ ☝️ 👥, so often as 🤔 it 😠🤔 joined them, 😢 saw 👁👀 on ↔🔛 their hindquarters ☝️ old feudal coats of arms, 🙆 ➕ deserted with 😏 loud ➕ irreverent laughter. 🤣🤣 one 😱☝ section 📦 of 😫 ☝️ french ⚜ legitimists ➕ "young england" exhibited 👉 spectacle. in pointing out 👆 their mode of 💦 exploitation was 😏 different 🏼 to 👆 of ☝️ bourgeoisie, ☝️ feudalists forget 🤔❌ 👆 they 😈💪 exploited under circumstances ❌❌ ➕ conditions 👆 were ⏬ quite 💬 different, 🏼💬 ➕ 👆 💯 now 😭 antiquated. In 🚪 showing 😏 👆, under 😡👇 their 👈 rule, ⚖ ☝️ modern proletariat never 🙅🙅 existed, they 😱🏽 forget 👆 ☝️ modern 🌁 bourgeoisie ✅ ☝️ necessary offspring 💯 of 🔟 their own form of 👨🍨 society. for 🙌🖍 ☝️ rest, 😊 so 👍🌃 little 🏽 do ♂ they 🏼👨 conceal ☝️ reactionary character 🙉 of their 👧🍆 criticism 👆 their 🔟 chief accusation 😱😱 against ✊ ☝️ bourgeoisie amounts to 💦 👉, 👆 under 👎 ☝️ bourgeois regime 🅰️ class ⚠ ✅ being 😑🙄 developed, which ✅ destined to ✌⬆ cut up 👀🙅 root ➕ branch 🌳🌳 ☝️ old order ❌ of 👀😫 society. 🌎👩 what 😦❔ they upbraid ☝️ bourgeoisie with 😍 ✅ ❎ so 💯 much 👎😐 👆 it 🏻 creates 🅰️ proletariat, as 👆 it 🤷🏿 creates 🅰️ revolutionary ♻ proletariat. in political practice, 🍆🍆 therefore, 👏 they 🏼👥 join 👌🤼 in all 👇💪 coercive measures against ☝️ working class; ➕ in ordinary life, 😂 despite 🙅♂ their 💦💦 high falutin phrases, they 💥😈 stoop to 🗝 pick up 💪 ☝️ golden 👳💕 apples dropped 😡😡 from 🏼👉 ☝️ tree of 💦👏 industry, ➕ to barter truth, 🙌🙌 ❤️, ➕ honour for 💕🍆 traffic 🚥 in wool, beetroot-sugar, ➕ potato spirits. as 🍑👦 ☝️ parson has 🈶 ever 😄🙅 gone 🏃🏃 hand in hand with 👏👏 ☝️ landlord, so has clerical socialism with ➡👏 feudal socialism. nothing ✅ easier 😀 than to 👬📃 give christian 🙏🏻 asceticism 🅰️ socialist tinge. Has ❎ christianity declaimed against 😲🚫 private 🕵🕵 property, against 😫😠 marriage, against 😤 ☝️ state? has 👏👏 it ♂⌨ ❎ preached in 🕶 ☝️ place ⛲ of 🐶💦 these, ☠👈 charity ➕ poverty, celibacy 😈 ➕ mortification of ☝️ flesh, monastic life 💓👼 ➕ mother 👵 church? christian 🏻 socialism 👍👍 ✅ but 👹🍑 ☝️ holy 👼👕 water with 👏👏 which ☝️ priest consecrates ☝️ heart-burnings 💗❤ of ☝️ aristocrat. b. 🅱 Petty-bourgeois socialism 👍👍 ☝️ feudal aristocracy was ❎ ☝️ only 🤣💯 class 👆 was 💯🅰 ruined by 😈👉 ☝️ bourgeoisie, ❎ ☝️ only class 🏫 whose conditions of existence 😍😍 pined ➕ perished in ☝️ atmosphere of modern bourgeois society. 👩 ☝️ mediaeval burgesses ➕ ☝️ small 👌👏 peasant proprietors were 🚶😲 ☝️ precursors of 👨 ☝️ modern 🌁 bourgeoisie. In 👆💦 those 👞 countries 🏳 which 👏👏 💯 but 👹🤤 little developed, 🚸 industrially ➕ commercially, these two classes still vegetate side 💵💵 by side with 💰👏 ☝️ rising bourgeoisie. in 🍑👏 countries where 😾 modern 🌁🌁 civilisation has 💰 become fully ☑ developed, 🅰️ new class 🥇🎓 of petty bourgeois has been 👍 formed, fluctuating ⬇⬇ between 🖕👉 proletariat ➕ bourgeoisie ➕ ever renewing itself 👏 as 😖 🅰️ supplementary part 🎰 of 😰🚋 bourgeois society. 👨👩 ☝️ individual members 👦 of 🤓 👉 class, 🎓 however, 🖐 💯 being constantly hurled down 🔊⬇ into 🚟😩 ☝️ proletariat by ☝️ action of 🕯👪 competition, ➕, as modern industry develops, they even 🤤 👀 ☝️ moment approaching when 🕐 they 🔜 completely 😍😣 disappear as 🅰️♑️ independent section 📦📦 of modern 🌁🌁 society, 👪👧 to 🏿😘 be 🐝➡ replaced, in manufactures, agriculture ➕ commerce, by 😈👉 overlookers, bailiffs ➕ shopmen. in 🌆 countries 🏳🏳 like 🤳 france, where 😾 ☝️ peasants 🌾 constitute far 🚷 more 🔨⚠ than 🤢 half 😂 of 💦 ☝️ population, it 👏💦 was natural 🍃 👆 writers who 🚫 sided with 😤 ☝️ proletariat against 🚫😠 ☝️ bourgeoisie, should 💘 use, in 😜 their criticism of 💦 ☝️ bourgeois regime, 🏯🏯 ☝️ standard of ☝️ peasant ➕ petty bourgeois, ➕ from ☝️ standpoint of 🍳 these intermediate classes should 💘💘 take ✋♦ up 🌍 ☝️ cudgels for 👍 ☝️ working 👐 class. ⚠ Thus ❗😮 arose petty-bourgeois socialism. 💖💖 Sismondi was ☝️ head 🤦⬅ of 👉 school, 🏠🏫 ❎ only 👨🏦 in 🔥👏 france but 🍑😝 also ➕ in england. 👉 school 🏫 of 🚋😫 socialism 💖👍 dissected with 😤 great acuteness ☝️ contradictions in 🔫 ☝️ conditions of ☹💦 modern 🌁🌁 production. 🌚🌚 It 🙅💯 laid 💦🍆 bare ☝️ hypocritical apologies of 😤😫 economists. It 🏼 proved, incontrovertibly, ☝️ disastrous effects of 💰 machinery ➕ division of 😤👏 labour; ☝️ concentration of capital 🔤🔤 ➕ land 🏜💯 in 👈👉 🅰️ few hands; 👏 overproduction ➕ crises; it 🏿💋 pointed out ☝️ inevitable ruin of ☝️ petty bourgeois ➕ peasant, ☝️ misery 😢👎 of 🔧💦 ☝️ proletariat, ☝️ anarchy in 😏 production, 🌚🌚 ☝️ crying 😢 inequalities in 🕐😂 ☝️ distribution of 👏 wealth, ☝️ industrial war 🔫💣 of 💰🎆 extermination between nations, ☝️ dissolution of 👨 old 👴 moral 😤😤 bonds, ♂🏻 of 🗜 ☝️ old 👴 family relations, of ☝️ old 😂🏾 nationalities. in its positive aims, however, 🖐💰 👉 form 💦💦 of 👏🤤 socialism 👍 aspires either to restoring ☝️ old 👶🏻 means 😫 of production ➕ of exchange, ➕ with ♠👌 them ☝️ old property relations, ➕ ☝️ old 👴🙂 society, 😥 or to ☢💦 cramping ☝️ modern 🌁 means 🎺 of 👉🌈 production 🌚 ➕ of exchange, within ☝️ framework of 🏻💰 ☝️ old 💦 property relations 👆 have 🙌 been, ☢🔙 ➕ were 👌⏬ bound 🤐🤐 to be, 🐝🤓 exploded by those means. 🤔 In 👏 either case, 🅱👌 it 😱😍 ✅ both 🌜🌜 reactionary ➕ utopian. its last 🕞♿ words 🐘🤑 💯: corporate guilds for manufacture, patriarchal relations 🍆 in 🍆😒 agriculture. ultimately, when 💕 stubborn 😂😂 historical facts had 🍆😷 dispersed all intoxicating effects of 💦 self-deception, ❌ 👉 form of 👨 socialism ended 🔚 in 🅰️ miserable fit 🌶🌶 of 💰 ☝️ blues. 💙💙 c. 🤕🔥 German, or 🚫 "true," 😤 socialism 👍 ☝️ socialist ➕ communist 😈 literature 💯 of 💦 france, 🅰️ literature 💦 👆 originated under ⬇👇 ☝️ pressure of 🅰️ bourgeoisie in 👏 power, 💕⚡ ➕ 👆 was 😟🤣 ☝️ expression of 🐣👨 ☝️ struggle against ✊ 👉 power, 💪 was 🏻👇 introduced into germany at 👀♂ 🅰️ time when 🕛💦 ☝️ bourgeoisie, in 🍆👉 👆 country, 😣 had 😭👏 just begun its 🌏😙 contest with 👏😣 feudal absolutism. german philosophers, would-be 😏 philosophers, ➕ beaux esprits, eagerly seized 👋 on 👉 literature, only 👍 forgetting, 👆 when ⏰📰 these ♂ writings immigrated from france into 🍐 germany, french 🧀 social 📖💑 conditions had 👀 ❎ immigrated along 💁 with 🙌 them. 💦 In 🚪 contact 📱 with 🙌 german social 📖💰 conditions, 👉 french 👨 literature 💦 lost 🏳🍆 all 💯💪 its 👤😖 immediate practical significance, ➕ assumed 🅰️ purely literary aspect. Thus, 👌😮 to 😱💰 ☝️ german philosophers of 🔥 ☝️ eighteenth century, ☝️ demands of ☝️ first ☝ french ⚜ revolution 🔫💥 were 👏 nothing 📛 more than ☝️ demands of "practical reason" 🌟 in 🍞 general, 👮 ➕ ☝️ utterance of 😫👏 ☝️ 🔜 of ☝️ revolutionary ♻ french 🥖 bourgeoisie signified in 👏👏 their eyes 👀 ☝️ law 🚓🌍 of 🚀 pure 😍⭐ 🔜, of 🌈 🔜 as it ⬇🚫 was 💦👀 bound to 👂🍑 be, 🏼 of true 😤 human 👤 🔜 generally. 😄 ☝️ world 😫 of 👏👱 ☝️ german literate consisted solely 👞 in 🍌 bringing ☝️ new 👅 french 🧀 ideas into 🔍 harmony with 👏 their ☝ ancient 🎶🎶 philosophical conscience, or rather, ☑🙇 in 🚭👉 annexing ☝️ french 🥐 ideas without 👏🚫 deserting their 🍆 own 😍😎 philosophic point 📌 of 👬 view. 👀 👉 annexation took 👀🤜 place in ☝️ same 👤 way ➡ in ♂👏 which ♀ 🅰️ foreign ⛽ language ✅ appropriated, namely, by 👌 translation. it 😭😉 ✅ well known 👀💫 how ☝️ monks wrote silly 😤🤡 lives 🍆 of 💦 catholic saints over ☝️ manuscripts on 🎶 which 👏 ☝️ classical works 👷 of 💅 ancient heathendom had 👉 been written. 📝 ☝️ german literate reversed 👉 process 🏭 with 🙀💰 ☝️ profane french 🥖🎨 literature. 💦 They wrote 📓📓 their 💉 philosophical nonsense 😣 beneath 👎 ☝️ french 🥖🧀 original. 🤔 for 🍆🍆 instance, 👉 beneath 👇 ☝️ french criticism of ☝️ economic functions of 👏📰 money, 🤑💵 they wrote "alienation of 😂 humanity," 😓♂ ➕ beneath ⚰ ☝️ french 🥖🧀 criticism of 🏻 ☝️ bourgeois state 👏 they wrote 📝 "dethronement of 😫 ☝️ category of 💦 ☝️ general," 👮 ➕ so 👌 forth. 💰 ☝️ introduction of 👏 these philosophical phrases at 👌 ☝️ back of 🎭 ☝️ french 🥖 historical criticisms they dubbed "philosophy 🤓🎭 of 😩 action," 🤚 "true socialism," "german science 🔬 of 💦 socialism," 💖👍 "philosophical foundation of socialism," ➕ so on. ☝️ french 🥖 socialist ➕ communist 😈💂 literature 💦 was 👀 thus ❗ completely 😍😍 emasculated. ➕, since 💦💦 it 😡 ceased 🙅 in ☝️ hands of ☝️ german to 😱 express 😤 ☝️ struggle 😥😥 of one class 📚 with 😋👏 ☝️ other, he 🏋🏻 felt conscious of 🐙 having 😸😸 overcome 💦 "french 🥖 one-sidedness" ➕ of representing, 👏👏 ❎ true requirements, but 🤔 ☝️ requirements of truth; ❎ ☝️ interests of ☝️ proletariat, but 👨🌸 ☝️ interests of human 👤 nature, 🍃🌴 of 😂 man 🏻 in ⚓ general, who 🤔🤔 belongs 👉 to no class, 📓🎓 has 👩 no 💦🗑 reality, 😱 who 🤔🚫 exists only in ☝️ misty 🌫 realm 📯 of 💦👏 philosophical fantasy. 👉 german socialism, 👍 which took 👫 its 😖 schoolboy task 🚜 so seriously 😡😒 ➕ solemnly, ➕ extolled its poor 💸🏻 stock-in-trade in 👏 such 😱🤤 mountebank fashion, meanwhile ➡➡ gradually lost 🏳🏳 its ✊🙅 pedantic innocence. ☝️ fight of ☝️ german, ➕ especially, 🌟 of 💦🈸 ☝️ prussian bourgeoisie, against 😤 feudal aristocracy ➕ absolute 🤕 monarchy, 👑👑 in other 💰 words, 🚮🎙 ☝️ liberal 🏛 movement, became more ➕💦 earnest. by 💕 👉, ☝️ long 😎 wished-for 🙏🙏 opportunity 📊 was 👅 offered to "true" 🍆 socialism 👍💖 of confronting ☝️ political movement with 👏 ☝️ socialist demands, of hurling ☝️ traditional anathemas against liberalism, against representative government, 🌎🕵 against 🚫😲 bourgeois competition, 🤔🤔 bourgeois freedom of ☝️ press, bourgeois legislation, bourgeois liberty 🗽 ➕ equality, 👬 ➕ of 💦 preaching to ☝️ masses 🏋 👆 they 👥 had 💋 nothing 😵 to 👏 gain, 💪 ➕ everything 😀 to lose, by 🎨😈 👉 bourgeois movement. German socialism forgot, 😳 in 👇🏠 ☝️ nick of time, 🕦⌛ 👆 ☝️ french 👨🎨 criticism, whose 🌄 silly echo it 💯👊 was, 👏👏 presupposed ☝️ existence 💚 of 💦💦 modern bourgeois society, 😥👨 with 👀👏 its ⚜ corresponding economic conditions of 💦🔴 existence, ➕ ☝️ political constitution adapted thereto, ☝️ very 😲 things 🌚 whose attainment was 😨 ☝️ object ✒ of 💦💦 ☝️ pending struggle in 🍑♂ germany. to ☝️ absolute 🙀 governments, with 👏 their 🍮😂 following of parsons, professors, country 😣 squires ➕ officials, it served 🗡 as 🅰️ welcome scarecrow against ✊ ☝️ threatening bourgeoisie. it was 👏 🅰️ sweet finish ✔✔ after ☝️ bitter pills 💊💊 of 💦👬 floggings ➕ bullets ⚫⚫ with which these 📀👈 same 💪👭 governments, just 😡👏 at 👸 👆 time, 🕐🤞 dosed ☝️ german working-class ♀🔨 risings. while 🕗🕗 👉 "true" ⭐ socialism thus 🕵 served 🗡🗡 ☝️ governments as 🍑 🅰️ weapon for fighting ☝️ german bourgeoisie, it, 👍😡 at 🤡 ☝️ same ❗💩 time, directly ➡➡ represented 🅰️ reactionary interest, 👀 ☝️ interest ⛓👀 of 👏🅱 ☝️ german philistines. In 🏡 germany ☝️ petty-bourgeois class, 🅰️ relic of 💦 ☝️ sixteenth century, ➕ since 💦 then constantly cropping up ⬆😍 again 😱🤤 under 👇⬇ various forms, ✅ ☝️ real 👏💀 social basis 📅 of ☝️ existing state 🗽👦 of 🍆🔥 things. 💰💰 to 💦♂ preserve 👉 class ✏🏫 ✅ to 💰🤷 preserve ☝️ existing state of ❗😕 things 🤐 in germany. ☝️ industrial ➕ political supremacy ✅✅ of 💦🗼 ☝️ bourgeoisie threatens it with 🆕😋 certain 🤔🤔 destruction; on 🔛 ☝️ one 🙀😤 hand, 🕺 from 🐣 ☝️ concentration of 🔴🔉 capital; on 🔛 ☝️ other, from ☝️ rise of 🅰️ revolutionary ✊✊ proletariat. "true" ➡ socialism 💖 appeared to ⬇💦 kill these 👳 two 🎄💏 birds 💦 with one stone. ☄ It 👎💯 spread 🍕 like 🅰👍 🅰️♑️ epidemic. ☝️ robe 😩 of 🐙👏 speculative cobwebs, embroidered with 👏👏 flowers of 👊🔴 rhetoric, steeped in ☝️ dew 🌫 of sickly sentiment, 👉 transcendental robe in 👏🏽 which ☝️ german socialists wrapped their ⬅ sorry 🙅😐 "eternal 🎗 truths," all 🌼👌 skin 🙊 ➕ bone, 😜☠ served to ➡👉 wonderfully increase 💳💳 ☝️ sale of their goods amongst such 😲😳 🅰️ public. ➕ on its part, 💔💔 german socialism 👍 recognised, more 🙅 ➕ more, its 🏾👏 own ♂🙆 calling 📞 as 🍑👦 ☝️ bombastic representative of 😔 ☝️ petty-bourgeois philistine. it 🙂😍 proclaimed ☝️ german nation 🏞🗺 to 💦✂ be ☝️ model 🤳 nation, 🏞 ➕ ☝️ german petty philistine to ✌👁 be ☝️ typical 😂 man. 👍👍 To 👉 every 😤👏 villainous meanness of 🐣 👉 model 👁👄 man 🏻🌊 it gave 🅰️ hidden, 👐 higher, ✅ socialistic interpretation, ☝️ exact contrary of its 🌏😙 real 💪 character. 🙉 It went 👉➡ to 💦 ☝️ extreme length of 💦 directly ➡ opposing ☝️ "brutally destructive" 💣💣 tendency of communism, ➕ of 💦👶 proclaiming its 👤 supreme 🌩 ➕ impartial contempt of 💦 all 👇🌎 class 🎓 struggles. With 🐺👏 very few 😋 exceptions, all 👨 ☝️ so-called socialist ➕ communist 💂💸 publications 👆 now (1️⃣8️⃣4️⃣7️⃣) 👩🌐 circulate in germany belong ⬇ to ✌ ☝️ domain of 👉 foul ➕ enervating literature. 🍑💯 2️⃣. 😳 Conservative, or 😇💁 bourgeois, socialism 🅰️ part 🏻🗳 of ☝️ bourgeoisie ✅ desirous of 👏😤 redressing social grievances, in 📥😩 order 🎁🤜 to secure ☝️ continued existence 🔥💞 of 💻 bourgeois society. 👥 to 👉 section belong ⬇⬇ economists, philanthropists, humanitarians, improvers of 💦 ☝️ condition of 💦 ☝️ working 🏻 class, 👩🎓 organisers of ♂🔴 charity, members 👦👦 of societies for ☝️ prevention of 🔥 cruelty to animals, ❌ temperance fanatics, hole-and-corner 🍑 reformers of 🎆👶 every 🕤🏾 imaginable kind. 😯🤗 👉 form 💦 of 😳 socialism has, 👏 moreover, been 👑😀 worked 👷👷 out ⬇ into complete 💯 systems. we may 🌌 cite proudhon's philosophie de la 💰💰 misere as 🅰️♑️ example 🔥🔥 of 💦🌈 👉 form. 💦💦 ☝️ socialistic bourgeois want all 🐡 ☝️ advantages of 👏🍨 modern 🌁🌁 social conditions without 🚫🚫 ☝️ struggles ➕ dangers necessarily resulting therefrom. They 👩👨 desire ☝️ existing state 🗽 of society ➖ its revolutionary ➕ disintegrating elements. They wish for 🍆😩 🅰️ bourgeoisie without 🙅🚫 🅰️ proletariat. ☝️ bourgeoisie naturally conceives ☝️ world 🌎 in 😩 which ✌🤤 it ✅ supreme 🌞🌞 to 💦😛 be 🐝💪 ☝️ 🥇; ➕ bourgeois socialism 👍 develops 👉 comfortable conception into 🤣 various more or less ➖ complete 🚫🚫 systems. In 👮 requiring ☝️ proletariat to 👌💦 carry out 💷🏍 such ❤ 🅰️ system, 🌌🌌 ➕ thereby to ✌ march 💂🌷 straightway into 👉 ☝️ social 💑 new jerusalem, it but 🍑 requires in reality, 👆 ☝️ proletariat should 💘 remain within 😱 ☝️ bounds 💢💢 of 🔝 existing society, 👩👥 but should 😑💘 cast away 🙅😬 all 🕝 its 👏🌏 hateful ideas concerning ☝️ bourgeoisie. 🅰️ second ☝🥈 ➕ more 🙅🙅 practical, but 🍑🖐 less ➖〽 systematic, form 💦💦 of 😂 👉 socialism sought to depreciate every 😤 revolutionary ✊ movement in 🕕👇 ☝️ eyes 👀 of ☝️ working 😭🏻 class, 👩😛 by showing 🏼 👆 no 🚫 mere political reform, but only 🤠🍗 🅰️ change 👎🚟 in 🏻👏 ☝️ material ❗❗ conditions of existence, 😫💚 in economic relations, could ✊👈 be 🐝🤰 of 👀 any 😻🏼 advantage to 💦 them. 😂 By 🚟🔥 changes in 👌📥 ☝️ material 👔❗ conditions of 🕯🐶 existence, 💞 👉 form 💦💦 of 👏🗼 socialism, however, by 😈🍭 no 😭💦 means understands abolition of 💦🚑 ☝️ bourgeois relations ♋🍆 of 🙏👏 production, 🌚 🅰️♑️ abolition 👆 can 💑🔫 be effected only 😬 by 🍂📧 🅰️ revolution, 💥 but 👹🍑 administrative reforms, based 🍞 on ☝️ continued existence 😫 of these 👈♂ relations; reforms, therefore, 👆 in 🙌 no ♂ respect 🥇♀ affect ☝️ relations between ↔ capital 🔤 ➕ labour, but, 🍑 at 👉 ☝️ 🥇, lessen ☝️ cost, ➕ simplify ☝️ administrative work, 💼 of 🅱😳 bourgeois government. bourgeois socialism 👍 attains adequate expression, when, ➕ only 💯🏻 when, 📰 it 😽 becomes 🅰️ mere 💀 figure of speech. 🚫 free trade: 📜 for 👉🏻 ☝️ benefit of 😰 ☝️ working 😤 class. Protective duties: for 🍆 ☝️ benefit 😩 of ☝️ working 😫 class. 👩 Prison 💦 reform: for 🏻😤 ☝️ benefit 😩 of 🐶 ☝️ working 💪 class. 🥇🎓 👉 ✅ ☝️ last word 🔚🙌 ➕ ☝️ only ☝ seriously meant 🚫 word 🔡✊ of 😎💦 bourgeois socialism. 👍💖 it ✅ summed up 🍅👀 in ☝️ phrase: ☝️ bourgeois ✅ 🅰️ bourgeois--for ☝️ benefit of 😎 ☝️ working 😤😤 class. 🎓🤓 3️⃣. Critical-utopian socialism 💖💖 ➕ communism we 👨 do ❎ here refer to 🎦 👆 literature which, in 🚪 every 👏 great modern 🌁 revolution, 💥💥 has 👏 always given 👤 voice 😩 to ☝️ demands of 💰 ☝️ proletariat, such as 🕘 ☝️ writings of babeuf ➕ others. 👈👀 ☝️ first direct attempts of 💦💦 ☝️ proletariat to attain its 🙅😖 own ends, 😤 made in ⏳ times 🙏🕒 of 💦💦 universal excitement, when 😂🍑 feudal society was 🦆 being overthrown, these 😱📄 attempts necessarily failed, 🚫☠ owing to 💩 ☝️ then undeveloped state 🏛 of 🍞 ☝️ proletariat, as 🅱 well 🤓🐳 as to ☝️ absence of ☝️ economic conditions for 💊 its emancipation, conditions 👆 had yet to be 🐝➡ produced, ➕ could ❌🤔 be 🐝 produced by 😈😈 ☝️ impending bourgeois epoch alone. 🙀 ☝️ revolutionary ♻✊ literature 👆 accompanied these first 🔢 movements of 💦 ☝️ proletariat had 💋💋 necessarily 🅰️ reactionary character. 🙈 It ✔😽 inculcated universal asceticism ➕ social 📀📖 levelling in its 💰🙅 crudest form. ☝️ socialist ➕ communist systems properly 🍒☑ so 👍 called, those 😈 of saint-simon, fourier, owen ➕ others, 🏃 spring into ⏩ existence 🔥 in 🍞👏 ☝️ early undeveloped period, described above, of ☝️ struggle 😥 between proletariat ➕ bourgeoisie (see section 📦📦 1️⃣. 💦🔴 Bourgeois ➕ proletarians). ☝️ founders of 💰 these 💈🍆 systems 👀, indeed, ☝️ class 🤓🎓 antagonisms, as 💑👦 well 🤒💦 as 😠 ☝️ action 😏 of 🎭😫 ☝️ decomposing elements, in 📅 ☝️ prevailing form 💦💦 of 🥗 society. But 🍑🍑 ☝️ proletariat, as 🕚 yet in 👏 its 🙅👏 infancy, offers to them ☝️ spectacle of 📆 🅰️ class 🎓 without 🏻 any 😻 historical initiative or any 🔥🏼 independent political movement. since ☝️ development of 👩💰 class antagonism keeps even pace 🏃 with 🏽 ☝️ development 🔬🔬 of 👯 industry, ☝️ economic situation, 🤠 as 🎣🍑 they 💏😈 find it, ⚕ does 😈✊ ❎ as yet ❗❗ offer to 😠 them 💦👌 ☝️ material ❗ conditions for 💰 ☝️ emancipation of ☝️ proletariat. They 👩😈 therefore 🎉 search 🕵🕵 after 👀 🅰️ new 🌿🆕 social science, ⚗🌡 after 👀👀 new social 🛂📖 laws, 👆 💯 to 👱💲 create 📲📲 these conditions. historical action ✅ to 👁 yield ⛔ to 🔨🚓 their 👈😂 personal inventive action, 🎇 historically created 💦 conditions of ⛄😫 emancipation to 👉💰 fantastic ones, ➕ ☝️ gradual, spontaneous 💋 class-organisation 🎓😛 of 👨💦 ☝️ proletariat to 😖😵 ☝️ organisation of 🚋😳 society specially contrived by 🍂👏 these inventors. Future history 🌎 resolves itself, 👏🙏 in 👌 their ☝👩 eyes, 🔭👀 into 👉🚟 ☝️ propaganda ➕ ☝️ practical carrying out of 🎭♨ their social plans. in ✔ ☝️ formation of ☝ their 🏼 plans they 👥 💯 conscious of caring 😘 chiefly for 🖍💰 ☝️ interests of ☝️ working class, ✏🎓 as 😖 being ☝️ most suffering 😤 class. 🎓 Only 🍗 from ☝️ point of 🔴👏 view 👀🤓 of 💦💰 being 😑 ☝️ most 🐶 suffering 😥 class 🎓 does 😈❓ ☝️ proletariat exist for 🎄🎅 them. 🍑💦 ☝️ undeveloped state of 💿 ☝️ class struggle, 😥 as 😁🍑 well 👍 as their ✉ own 🙆😎 surroundings, 😪 causes socialists of 👉 kind 🤗 to consider 🤔 themselves far 😩 superior to all class ✏ antagonisms. They 👧 want 👌😋 to improve ☝️ condition 🌬 of 💰♂ every 👏 member 🍌 of 🏻 society, 👩👧 even ☎ 👆 of ☝️ most 💯 favoured. Hence, they ♂👸 habitually appeal 👏 to society at large, without distinction of ⛄💦 class; nay, by 😈🏻 preference, to 🐵💰 ☝️ ruling class. For 🅱👷 how can 👥, when 😂 once 👆 they understand 🤷🦉 their system, fail to 👀 in it 🔫🍆 ☝️ 🥇 possible 🔝🔝 plan of 😫 ☝️ 🥇 possible 🔝 state of 👮💦 society? 🌎😥 hence, they 👧 reject 🚫 all 🔫 political, ➕ especially 😈🌟 all revolutionary, ♻♻ action; 🍆 they 💆👥 wish to 💦 attain their 🍆😍 ends by peaceful means, ➕ endeavour, by 👏😈 small experiments, 🌱 necessarily doomed to 👌 failure, ➕ by 😡😈 ☝️ force 🖐 of 🏫🚑 example, 🔥🔥 to pave ☝️ way ➡ for 💯💯 ☝️ new 📆 social 📖💑 gospel. such 😢 fantastic pictures 🚺 of 💦💦 future 🎆 society, 👧👥 painted at 🏾 🅰️ time ⌚🕑 when ⏰🕛 ☝️ proletariat ✅ still in 👌 🅰️ very undeveloped state 🗽 ➕ has 🅰 but 🅰️ fantastic conception of 👶💦 its own position correspond with 👏 ☝️ first ☝🔢 instinctive yearnings of 😿👉 👆 class 🥇 for 🔜🔢 🅰️ general ♂👮 reconstruction of society. 👧😥 but 🤓😎 these 🍆♀ socialist ➕ communist publications contain also ➕😒 🅰️ critical element. They attack every 👏 principle of 💦💦 existing society. 👨👥 hence they ❤💯 💯 full 🌝 of ☝️ most ❄🔝 valuable materials for 💯 ☝️ enlightenment of ☝️ working 😫✍ class. 📚 ☝️ practical measures proposed in 👏 them--such as 🏼🕛 ☝️ abolition of ☝️ distinction between town ❣ ➕ country, 🗺 of ☝️ family, of 🔴💦 ☝️ carrying on 👎 of 👄 industries for 💯 ☝️ account 💳💳 of 🔴 private individuals, ➕ of 💤 ☝️ wage system, 🌌 ☝️ proclamation of 👉 social harmony, ☝️ conversion of 😳 ☝️ functions of 😂 ☝️ state 🗽 into 🅰️ mere 💀💀 superintendence of ❗💰 production, 🌚 all these proposals, point 👇 solely to ☝️ disappearance of class antagonisms which were, at 😝 👆 time, 🕐☝ only 😤 just 🏻 cropping up, 👭 ➕ which, 👏👏 in these 🔫 publications, 💯 recognised in 🛌👌 their earliest, indistinct ➕ undefined forms 🐛 only. 🕦 These 💦 proposals, therefore, 👉 💯 of 🅰️ purely utopian character. 🙈 ☝️ significance of 🕯 critical-utopian socialism ➕ communism bears 🅰️♑️ inverse relation to historical development. 🔬 In 🍆 proportion as 🕖🚫 ☝️ modern 🌁🌁 class struggle 😥😥 develops ➕ takes 💜 definite shape, 👉 fantastic standing 🏿 apart from ☝️ contest, these fantastic attacks on 🔛🍆 it, 🍆 lose 😱🚫 all 💯 practical value 💵💵 ➕ all 🅱♂ theoretical justification. Therefore, 👏👏 although 😛 ☝️ originators of these systems were, 👌👪 in 👏 many 👧 respects, revolutionary, ♻ their ⭕ disciples have, 😜 in 👉 every case, formed mere 😐 reactionary sects. they 😈 hold fast 🛫 by ☝️ original views of 💦🤓 their ♀🏻 masters, in opposition to 🗣 ☝️ progressive 😵 historical development 🔬 of ☝️ proletariat. They, therefore, endeavour, ➕ 👆 consistently, to deaden ☝️ class 📓 struggle ➕ to 😏💦 reconcile ☝️ class 📚 antagonisms. they still dream 💭💭 of experimental 🔬 realisation of 👶 their social utopias, of 💦 founding isolated "phalansteres," of 😊👉 establishing "home colonies," of 😿 setting 🌃 up 👎 🅰️ "little icaria"--duodecimo editions of 💦🚋 ☝️ new 😮 jerusalem--and to realise 👅 all these 🥜📀 castles in ☝️ air, 🌬 they 👲 💯 compelled to 😄😀 appeal 👏👏 to 😘 ☝️ feelings ➕ purses of 💥👨 ☝️ bourgeois. By 🚟😈 degrees they 🤵 sink into ☝️ category of 🅱♂ ☝️ reactionary conservative socialists depicted above, 🏻 differing from ➡ these only 🏻🤠 by more 🍗 systematic pedantry, ➕ by 😈😡 their ⭕🏼 fanatical ➕ superstitious belief in 🏠 ☝️ miraculous effects of their social 📀💰 science. 🌡 they, therefore, 🔥 violently 🔨😫 oppose all 😏 political action 🤚 on 🔛🔛 ☝️ part 〽 of 👏💦 ☝️ working 🏃😫 class; 🎓📓 such 😁😽 action, 🎇 according 🔛🔛 to them, 👩✈ can 💦🔫 only 👃 result from 🤤 blind 😑 unbelief in 🔽 ☝️ new 🏽🤤 gospel. ☝️ owenites in england, ➕ ☝️ fourierists in 😏 france, respectively, oppose ☝️ chartists ➕ ☝️ reformistes. iv. Position of 🤤 ☝️ communists 🔴 in 🔥👉 relation to ☝️ various existing opposition parties 🎂 section 📦📦 ii has 😱 made clear ☝️ relations ♋ of 🅱😊 ☝️ communists 🔴 to 🎼🚟 ☝️ existing working-class 🔨👷 parties, 🎂 such as ☝️ chartists in 📥🍆 england ➕ ☝️ agrarian reformers in 🔥👏 america. ⛵ ☝️ communists 🔴 fight ✊💯 for 🍆 ☝️ attainment of 💦😊 ☝️ immediate aims, for 🔄 ☝️ enforcement of ☝️ momentary interests of ☝️ working ♀ class; 🥇👩 but in ☝️ movement of 💦😍 ☝️ present, 🎀🎀 they 👧👨 also represent ✊✊ ➕ take 😳🖐 care ❤💕 of 👬☠ ☝️ future of 👆 movement. In ♂📝 france ☝️ communists ally themselves 👨👨 with 💯 ☝️ social-democrats, 🅿 against ☝️ conservative ➕ radical 🔥✊ bourgeoisie, reserving, however, 💯🤔 ☝️ right 💦👎 to take 😈 up 😍🆙 🅰️ critical position 🙏🙏 in 👉⬇ regard to 💦 phrases ➕ illusions traditionally handed ✋✋ down ⬇🍵 from ☝️ great 😍🏻 revolution. in 👏 switzerland they 👨 support 🏿 ☝️ radicals, without 🚫🙅 losing sight 👀👀 of 🔥 ☝️ fact 👏 👆 👉 party 🎉🔥 consists of 💦🔌 antagonistic elements, partly ❌ of ☹👬 democratic socialists, in ☝️ french 🎨 sense, 🤓🏻 partly of 🚨 radical 💣 bourgeois. in 😌 poland they 🤷👥 support 👬 ☝️ party 🎊😊 👆 insists on 🏽👅 🅰️♑️ agrarian revolution 🔫 as 🍑 ☝️ prime condition for 💰 national emancipation, 👆 party which fomented ☝️ insurrection of cracow in 🌍 1️⃣8️⃣4️⃣6️⃣. 🏫❄ in 😏 germany they 👲 fight 👊 with 🏽🏽 ☝️ bourgeoisie whenever it 💦 acts in 👏 🅰️ revolutionary ♻✊ way, ♂↕ against 😫 ☝️ absolute 🙀 monarchy, 👑👑 ☝️ feudal squirearchy, ➕ ☝️ petty bourgeoisie. but they 💏👥 never ♂ cease, for 🍆 🅰️ single 💑 instant, to 😓 instil into ⏩ ☝️ working class ☝️ clearest possible recognition 👀👀 of ☝️ hostile antagonism between 👈 bourgeoisie ➕ proletariat, in 👉😻 order 🎁 👆 ☝️ german workers may 💖 straightaway use, 🏾😎 as so 🤔 many weapons against 👉🔫 ☝️ bourgeoisie, ☝️ social 📖 ➕ political conditions 👆 ☝️ bourgeoisie must 🙋 necessarily introduce along 💁 with its 👇👌 supremacy, ✅✅ ➕ in 👠 order 🎁❌ 👆, after ❌👀 ☝️ fall 🍂🍁 of 💯 ☝️ reactionary classes in germany, ☝️ fight against ☝️ bourgeoisie itself 👈👏 may immediately begin. 📦 ☝️ communists turn 🏃 their 🏿😂 attention 💯 chiefly to 😯 germany, because 👆 country 🏃 ✅ on 🍆 ☝️ eve of 💯 🅰️ bourgeois revolution 👺👺 👆 ✅ bound to 👂 be carried out 💯 under 👇 more advanced 👌👌 conditions of 💦 european civilisation, ➕ with 🅰️ much more 💦♀ developed 🚸🚸 proletariat, than 🅰 👆 of england was in 👏 ☝️ seventeenth, ➕ of france in 👏📥 ☝️ eighteenth century, ➕ because ☝️ bourgeois revolution in 👏 germany 🔜 be 🐝 but 🤔👩 ☝️ prelude to ♂ 🅰️♑️ immediately 🤣💰 following proletarian revolution. 🔫 in 💊🔫 short, 🕛⬇ ☝️ communists 🔴 everywhere 😎😍 support ♀ every 👏⏱ revolutionary ♻ movement against 🔫✊ ☝️ existing social ➕ political order 📑📑 of 🅱👨 things. ✌💰 in all 😆🅱 these 🖼♀ movements they 🙎🏾 bring ⬅ to 💰 ☝️ front, 🔝🔝 as 🖇🍑 ☝️ leading 💰💰 question 😺 in ✔ each, ☝️ property question, ✏ no 🎸 matter 🙅🏾 what its 👤 degree 👅 of development at 🎓☺ ☝️ time. ⌚🕐 finally, they ♀👧 labour everywhere for 🍆 ☝️ union ➕ agreement of ☝️ democratic parties 🙌 of all 😋👥 countries. 🏳 ☝️ communists 🔴 disdain to ⚫💦 conceal their ☝ views ➕ aims. they 👥🏾 openly declare 👆 their 🏻 ends ♂ can 🔫💁 be 🅱💗 attained only 💯👀 by 💕🎨 ☝️ forcible overthrow of all 👌🏞 existing social 📖 conditions. let 🙏👑 ☝️ ruling classes tremble at 😂 🅰️ communistic revolution. 👺 ☝️ proletarians have nothing to 👂💰 lose 😱😱 but their 🍆💯 chains. they 👨👵 have 🅰️ world to 💦 win. 🏅 working men 🕵🏿 of 💦💦 all countries, 🏳🏳 unite! end ✋🔚 of 💥👩 ☝️ project ↗↗ gutenberg ebook of ☠😫 ☝️ communist manifesto by 😈🍂 karl marx ➕ friedrich engels *** end 😣 of 🚑 👉 project ↗ gutenberg ebook ☝️ communist 😈♀ manifesto *** ***** 👉 file ❗ should 💘 be 🐝🐝 named 6️⃣1️⃣.txt 💪🤘 or 🤔🍆 6️⃣1️⃣.zip ❗ ***** 👉 ➕ all 💯💦 associated ✅ files 📁 of 💰🐶 various formats 🔜 be found in: 👏👌 https://www.gutenberg.org/6️⃣/6️⃣1️⃣/ 🐕😮 transcribed by 🔥👷 allen lutins with 💦 assistance from jim 👨 tarzia. updated editions 🔜 replace 👱 ☝️ previous one--the 😤 old 👴 editions 🔜 be renamed. creating ☝️ works from 👉 public 🚋🙈 domain print 📓 editions means 🍒 👆 no one owns 🛂🛂 🅰️ united 👏 states copyright in 🍆💦 these 👆 works, so ☝️ foundation (and 👉!) can 🅱 copy ➕ distribute it in ☝️ united 👏👏 states without permission ✅ ➕ without paying copyright royalties. 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  2. ISO #2

    Re: capitalism is the greatest system conceived by god

    LEAVE THE MANIFESTO ALONE, ENEMY OF THE PEOPLE!!
    Quote Originally Posted by The Lawyer View Post
    Besides your lamp and your refridgerators, do you find anyone else suspicious?
    Quote Originally Posted by oliverz144 View Post
    it looks like many, e.g. MM and lag, suffered under the influence of paopan. However there is a victim: frinckles. He left the path of rationality and fully dived into the parallel reality of baby shark, king shark, and soviet union pizzas.
    Spoiler : The meaning of life :

  3. ISO #3

    Re: capitalism is the greatest system conceived by god

    Why, yes, I am R.A.C.I.S.T:

    Respect my friend's different beliefs

    Adore the little quirks in their traditions

    Care for my friends, no matter their skin color

    Inform myself on what taboos I should never break

    Smile when they speak their native tongues

    The French must be purged from the Earth

 

 

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